Information Systems Management For Travel and Tourism

Question: Discuss about the Information Systems Management For Travel and Tourism . Answer: Introduction The main purpose of this business report is to represent the research done in tours and travel industry with regarding of information system. It will cover all the results achieved including role of the information system, their types, advantages and disadvantages, recommendations, etc. in the travel industry.(Granados, Gupta, Kauffman, 2012) As other businesses travel industry is also based on the communication and relationship with its clients. In travel industry the customers receive information through different channels and all these resources are collectively known as the information system. In this report, we will analyze about how to manage the information system so that it can be beneficial for a business. The information system is made up of various modes of communication channels. These channels may be formal or informal. The information system can be used in almost every business. The implementation of information system in an efficient way can boost the business growth. In this report, we will describe how much different type of information system and how it can be implemented. What are the hardware and software resources required for the same will also determine? Problem area The focused problem area of this business report is to analyze the business requirements of Travel Company. Mrs Smith wants to start a small traveling company that will provide the facilities of travel, transfer accommodation, vehicle hire, new events and attractive offers. What will the best infra -structure that will be suited for this business. It is to be analyzed that which information system will be best. What will be the hardware and software requirements to start up the business? What will be the financial constraints related to business setup and licensing. Importance of information system As the use of the internet is growing very rapidly in last few decades, the role of the internet in the travel and tourism industry can be seen in almost all of the areas of the travel industry including information system. Now the customers can always be in reach of the organization through a website. Customers can browse the locations and get the details about what to expect.(Djordjevic, 2013)The information system can be useful to ensure that the organization is in full control. The information system of travel industry can be of two types: open loop and closed loop. In open loop system, there is no way to ensure about the objective fulfillment. On the other hand in a closed loop system, there can be two types of methods available to control the feedback system control and feedforward control. Types of Information system In every successful business organization, whether it is large or small, the information system and information technology is the key factor to manage all the business activities, and it will be beneficial in decision making process. The Information system can be used in the travel industry to collect and process data as per the needs and requirements of business analyst, manager, director and other stakeholders of top level management.(Liu, Kim, Creel, 2015) Efficient and well managed information system can be beneficial for a varied information system and also enhance the communication with customers. Information system can be of various types such as: Transaction processing system: It is related to the process of data collection, processing and the core operations of the travel industry. It is used to collect data from customers and can converted into reports. (Mentis Katsaros, 2012)For example online tickets and hotel booking system. In this process customers can book their travel package including air tickets, hotel and other options and the output will be a printed bill. It is based on the real time or batch processing system. Decision support system: This information system when applied through multi-agent framework can efficiently used for decision making process. In this framework multiple agents of different network are loosely coupled and work together. In decision support system, these agents interact with each other and users and the environment for the betterment of decision support system. Knowledge management system: In this type of information system the existing information can be transformed in new innovative information for the betterment of tourism. It points to the critical issues of the travel industry. The changes in the customer behavior are recorded and used for the new plans development. Knowledge management information system is related to system information that must be provided to the customers at the time of need, in an efficient form. Management information system: In this type of information system, the data regarding travel management system and its utilization will be analyzed. As the data is very critical part for any business organization, it must be optimized and ensure compliance the travel policies. Travel management information system is a process that focuses on the identification, collection and isolation of data. It can be collected from various sources and used for decision making process. The main key points of management information system in travels and tours can be explored as: Management of travel Strategy planning Sustainability Database management system: This information system is considered as the collection of data that must be interrelated and programs that must be required to access the data from database management system.(Clarke, 2010) The data is relevant to the business enterprise. In travel industry, the primary role of data is to provide information related to business. Office automation system: This type of information system in the travel industry represents the computer hardware and software commonly used. It will support in to collect data, store it in a database and other applications. Data transfer, data storage are some basic functionalities of office automation system. This information system is used to successfully complete the task of business. Data transfer can be in the form of email, fax or reporting tool. Some tasks of office can be performed as automated answering, replace the human being with machines to perform tasks of scanning also. The best device that can be used to implement office automation tasks is the computer system, with this, the travel industry can perform email operations and sending reminders and package updates, etc. Office automation can also be used to generate payrolls for the specific month. Customer Relationship management system: This information system is used to establish the balance between sales and marketing. It is related to the customers activities. Well established CRM is a significance of successful business, as there is a perfect bonding in between business owners and customers.(Wei, 2010). Customers are actively involved in the feedback and problem resolution process. Top level management can use CRM as a tool to develop business ideas and strategic planning. Business Intelligence system: This information system is related to extract, identification and analyzing data. This data is very important from the operational and decision making process point of view. It will support the travel industry in many forms such as: To summarize the current costs To predict the future trend about the holiday packages To collect data from various sources Characteristics of Information system in travel industry Information system for travel industry consists of various information channels from different related sources such as state wise tourism campaigns, tourism association regional wise, business growth strategies, travel packages, regular customers, business plan brochures, etc. Information system has some of the following characteristics in travel industry: Every source of the channel is related to its own function. Travelers will use a different kind of information to decide the holiday package. In general, customers take feedback from repeat visitors for any site visiting or they can decide about it through packages. Channels belong to information system must be related to each other in any specific way. All the channels of the information system must be interdependent. Every travel industry must have following characteristics those are mandatory: Reservation management: In todays scenario it is the most important feature of any tours and travel business. Organization must have some very efficient and flexible application software to keep track of reservations. It also includes the documents related to travel like quotations, vouchers, and financial documents, etc. As this process is important, it must be automated. Every travel industry must have multiple sales channels. These channels are used to keep track of subagents and customers. These channels must present in form of online or offline documents. Every travel industry must have efficient inventory information management system. Here the inventory can be in the form of available bookings and the bookings were done. Even the computers are very useful in any kind of business information system, but dependency on these devices can be harmful in some cases.(Mucalo, 2016) It is prefer that information system of travel industry must have some sort of flexibility. The last but not the least feature of the travel industry is reporting tools. Reports are the main part of strategies and can be used to improve the business outcomes. Hardware requirement Hardware requirements for the information system of travel industry,(Greiner, 2011) those will be very efficient for the business can be represented in the following table: Hardware Description Input devices Input device are the main hardware devices required in any business organization. It is important to provide input in form of users query, scanned document, audio messages etc. Some of the input devices those can be beneficial in travel organization are keyboard, mouse, mice etc. Output devices With the help of output devices we can display the output that will be generated after the processing. It can be in form of report, tickets, bills etc. Processor Processor is the main part of any computer machine. The role of processor is convert raw data into meaningful information. Web server It is the central core part of any website deployment. Hardware that is used for the data storage and for the execution of another application as well Network device To implement the information system in travel industry there must be proper networking devices present. These devices will prove you at the control the data communication Network media Network media is very crucial, without proper network media customers will not able to access the website of travel industry. It can be LAN, MAN or WAN. In network media, there can be some cabling like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable; these can be used as per the requirements of business. Software requirement In the travel industry, while implementing the information system, (Maiden, 2008)not only hardware, some of the software also mandate. These are Software Description Web browser It is required to access the official website (if any). There can be different such as Internet Explorer, Google chrome, etc. NOS (Network Operating system) NOS is very useful while implementing the information system. As without it a network cannot be established. Some of the NOS are: LINUX, UNIX, window server etc. Database Database is a centralized repository that is used to store data and other documents in the travel industry. In database, company can use MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server and the most popular Oracle we well. Office automation tools Office automation tools are very important in travel industry. These are important in the back office part. Microsoft Office is one of them that must be installed on every machine in the travel industry. Most of the reports are generated and optimized with the help of office automation tools. Some of the tasks can be automated as well. Antivirus To protect the whole network of the organization, well efficient antivirus program must be installed. It will protect the network from any type of business threats. It will protect not only the network but the files and documents also from hackers. Financial constraints With the growth of IT information system in the travel industry, the financial constraints and other aspects must be analyzed properly. Research has been done for the cost reduction and cost competencies. Cost reduction is the very crucial point of the information system. It can be considered as the key factor for out sourcing the information system. Travel industry operations must be organized in such a way that the overall costing of three different purposes can be sort out. These three sections are front-office, mid-office and back office. ("Internet Tourism Marketing: Potential and Constraints / July 2000", 2016) The first step in direction of cost reduction approach is to take the responsibility of identifying the opportunities that would be differentiated the organization for competition. For instance the cost of travel agent that is highly experienced can be considered as strategic. Some other costs can be tactical also. In the front office area must have following consumption s: Bookings, customer services etc. This area has the direct impact of customers can interact easily with travel agents and customer support staff. The costing related with this area can be reduced by implementing automated tools. Mid office has the responsibility to provide support to the front office. It is also responsible for the accuracy of booking information, inventory management and costing related with packages, hotels, reservations and various other activities. Back office is concerned with only accounting, reporting, and payroll operations. This part is also related to management of traveling suppliers, relationship with other regular customers as well. It performs mainly administrative tasks. Recommendations It is recommended that while implementing information system in travel segment, some of the most common techniques must be used for the security policies. It can be file protection through encryption, passwords and governing of useful information through computer based information system. Travel industry must use following techniques for the system security: Security policies Firewall Antivirus Passwords Backup facility Organizational procedures For the success of information system in the area of the travel industry, the most important thing is to maintain CRM. Customer relationship will keep a strong foundation. There must be the correlation between various types of information system in the organization. The information system must be capable of doing the market survey before implementing any new technology. It must ensure that customers must be aware of the new packages and options available for tourism. There must not be any content fragmentation. Basic objective of implementing information system is to take the advantage of all services. The preferred mode of reservation is rated as GDS (global distribution system). In this system, the information is converted to the meaningful form as per the expectation of travel agent. As the latest trend of mobile devices is increasing day by day, it is recommended that information system and other applications must be compatible and accessible through any screen. Conclusion On the basis of by findings and the research done, we can conclude the following points for the information system in travel industry: Although the traditional information system is very beneficial and plays a very important role in organization it is accompanied by customers and the travel agents. With the innovations in the information system the requirements of customers can be fulfilled with great expectations. (Ramadorai, 2013) As per the information provided by customers and the feedback, new strategies can be decided in the information system of the travel industry. As per the report, the information system such as transaction processing system and customer relationship management system can be very beneficial for the travel industry. Many of the basic operations can be implemented in automating form while implementing the information system for office automation. The latest and innovative technology can be implemented to maintain the prestige of organization and also for the new ideas. Reference list Granados, N., Gupta, A., Kauffman, R. (2012). Online and Offline Demand and Price Elasticities: Evidence from the Air Travel Industry. Information Systems Research, 23(1), 164-181. https://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.1100.0312 Djordjevic, A. (2013). Importance of information for tourist service users in travel decision making. Marketing, 44(1), 75-85. https://dx.doi.org/10.5937/markt1301075d Mucalo, M. (2016). Travel agency system 5 things it must have. iTravel Software Blog. Retrieved 1 July 2016, from https://blog.itravelsoftware.com/2012/10/travel-agency-system-5-things-it-must-have/ Liu, J., Kim, C., Creel, C. (2015). Exploring search task difficulty reasons in different task types and user knowledge groups. Information Processing Management, 51(3), 273-285. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2014.10.001 Mentis, A. Katsaros, P. (2012). Model checking and code generation for transaction processing software. Concurrency And Computation: Practice And Experience, 24(7), 711-722. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpe.1876 Greiner, K. (2011). Information System of Railway Undertakings Train Track Requirements. PROMET - TrafficTransportation, 23(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i2.141 Maiden, N. (2008). User Requirements and System Requirements. IEEE Softw., 25(2), 90-91. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2008.54 Ramadorai, T. (2013). Capacity constraints, investor information, and hedge fund returns. Journal Of Financial Economics, 107(2), 401-416. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2012.08.020 Clarke, A. (2010). Operations Management in the Travel Industry. Tourism Management, 31(6), 964-965. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.01.001 Wei, M. (2010). A research on marketing management information system for travel agency based on CRM. Proceedings Of The 29Th Chinese Control Conference, 259-264. Retrieved from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=arnumber=5572434url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5572434 Internet Tourism Marketing: Potential and Constraints / July 2000. (2016). Hotel-online.com. Retrieved 1 July 2016, from https://www.hotel-online.com/Trends/ChiangMaiJun00/InternetConstraints.html

The Mozart Years Essays - Mozart Family, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

The Mozart Years Through the hard times and financial insecurity of a musician in the 1700's, Mozart accomplished his dream of becoming a great musician. Coming from a talentsed family, he spent his life with music. All this started when he was old enough to walk. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was baptized in a Salzburg cathedral the day after his birth; January 27th, 1756. He was born to the Leopold Mozart, a musical author, composer, and violinist; and to his wife Anna Marie Pertl. Only Wolfang and his sister Maria Anna, or Nannerl, survived infancy. Wolfgang was the seventh born child, out of seven children. Wolfgang was baptized under the name Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus. He never used these names in his later life. He often went by Amadeus or Amade. Although he could not walk until the age of three, Mozart started to display musical talent at the age of four. He could also play any piano melody given to him. It is believed that Mozart's first music was composed shortly after his fourth birthday. At age five he could play the violin with perfect intonation. He injoined this attention that he was getting for being a gifted musician. He found great pleasure in learning and pleasuring his father. It took all of 30 minutes to master h is first musical composition. This was a scherzo by Georg Christoph Wagenseil, learned three days before his fifth birthday. Leopold began to neglect his court career and devote more time to Wolfgang and Nannerl's musical instruction. He then proceded to send his two children on tours to play in the courts of Europe. The family set out from Salzburg on September 18, 1762. At Linz, Wolfgang gave his first public concert. Among the audience was Count Herberstein and Count Heronymous. Both were astonished and hurried to Vienna to spread the reports of Mozarts talent. All of Vienna was anxiously awaiting the arrival of the prodigies from Salzburg. We are already being talked f everywhere,? Leopold reported to Lorenz Hagenauer, his friend landlord back home?(Nagel, 57). The children's appearance at Schonbrunn Palace on October 13 was judged by Leopold to be a smashing success. He wrote, ?Their Majesties recieved us with such extrodinary greatness that, wehn I shall tell of it, people will declare that I have made it up. Suffice it to say that Wolferl jumped up on the Empress' lap, put his arms round her neck and kissed her heartily? (Nagel, 58). With all of this, doors were opened and invitations to success poured in. Because each performance was rewarded -the empress sent an honorarium of 100 ducats- Leopold tried to arrange as many concerts as possible. ?The nobles send us their invitations four, five, six to eight says in advance, in order not to miss us? (Nagel, 59). The same pattern would repeat in major centers all over Europe. First, Wolfgang and Nannerl would perform at the most infuential local court, The private concerts wuld follow as the lesster nobility competed to entertain one another with an appearance by the ?miracle children? of Salzburg. Payment came in the form of hard currency or gifts. When private concerts didn't pay off the bills, public concerts were held. Either performance would last from one and a half to three hours. Two programs a day was the rule. Reading those details of those days in Vienna,? sighs biographer Erich Schenk,? we are inclinded to say ?poor children'? (Nagel, 60). From start to f inish, music was the family business. Wolfgang became ill with a rheumatic nodular eruption associated with tuberculosis, which was to believed to be scarlet fever. Within two weeks Wolfgang was well again, but this episode began more serious health problems in the future. Wolfgang started to ?cut a new tooth? just before his seventh birthday. The tours conitinued and led all the way to Paris. Music Essays

Sample Essay on My Name - Writing Your Way to Graduation

Sample Essay on My Name - Writing Your Way to GraduationSome might think that writing a sample essay on my name is impossible. However, by using a sample essay you will be able to see if your writing skills are at the right level to get you a high school diploma. Keep reading and learn how to write a sample essay on my name.You need to have a goal or aim when you write a sample essay on my name. As with anything, you should make it clear that you are going to use your writing skills to get a high school diploma. You should also ensure that you outline your writing goals.When you start your sample essay on my name, be sure to make it clear that this is not your first time. It is important that you do not exaggerate about your capabilities. Be honest and say that you want to get a high school diploma and learn more about yourself.You should always start your paper with a question. Make sure that you know what the question is and also make sure that you write it in such a way that it he lps you come up with a conclusion. Ask questions so that you are not re-inventing the wheel. You can always use those in your essay as well as some topics that you already know of.The answer to the questions should be available if you have done enough research on your topic. If you don't have enough information to answer the questions, you can ask other people who are better than you to answer them for you. Of course, do not publish your answers unless you have published something on your name. You may even include your essay on my name to a paper submission. In fact, you can try the 'spot the plagiarism' technique.You can also use the sample essay to make sure that you are writing things in a specific order. A person who writes his/her own resume, will use the same format as your sample essay. Make sure that you know the structure of your paper.Writing a sample essay on my name, is an important skill that you need to master. You must also be willing to put a lot of effort and have the determination to finish. Doing all these will not only help you graduate, but will also make you popular with your friends.

Perfect wife Essay Example

Perfect wife Essay Example Perfect wife Paper Perfect wife Paper Elizabeth Barrett Browning Aurora Leigh An exploration of the alterity of the artist woman in Book 2 and 3, focussing upon the symbolic judgments voiced by Romney and Lady Waldemar, with reference to Auroras impertinence and asexuality. Both Romney Leigh and Lady Waldemar make symbolic judgments about Aurora. They are disturbed by her role as a writer, which they view as impertinence. As an artist woman in a mans world, this makes Aurora neither man nor woman in their eyes but asexual. This essay explores these judgments in the light of Auroras otherness which is in contrast to the identity which a patriarchal society has constructed for women. Romneys voice is the voice of patriarchy. His speech reveals the identity that a patriarchal society has constructed for women when he tells Aurora that the proper place for a Woman as you are, mere woman, personal and passionate is in the role of: doting mothers, and perfect wives, Sublime Madonnas, and enduring saints! (II. 220-3) As this speech shows, Romney believes all women should remain within the traditional roles assigned to them by patriarchy. The expectation for women is that they resemble in behaviour, the Virgin Mary or other saints, who endure great hardship but without complaint. Victorian society believed that a womans sole focus in life should be on the needs of her children and her husband and only then can she be viewed as the perfect wife. Romney Leigh sees nothing in Aurora which resembles any of these attributes for as he says, We get no Christ from you. (II.224) As a writer, Aurora fails to conform to the ideal woman, wife and mother as it has been constructed by patriarchy, rather she embodies an otherness which is in complete contrast to this ideal. However, Romney even refuses to give her credit for her writing because he feels her lack of womanly virtue destroys her credibility as an artist, and verily/We shall not get a poet, in my mind. (II. 224-5) Clearly, Romney views Auroras otherness as an impediment to her skills as a writer because he believes she is unable to act like a woman was expected to be. This notion is revealed further when Romney accuses the woman artist of trying to be a prophet, who is attempting to teach the living about things which woman cannot understand. What Romney means is that women are supposedly only sympathetic to the personal woes in life, whereas men are capable of sympathizing with a more universal anguish and general suffering in the world. (II. 181-199) He tells Aurora: You weep for what you know. A red-haired child Sick in fever, if you touch him once, Though but so little as with a finger-tip,Will set you weeping; but a million sick You could as soon weep for the rule of three Or compound fractions. (II. 213-18) This reveals not only Romneys patronizing symbolic judgement of the woman artist being incapable of experiencing any emotion with regard to the greater, and in his view, far more important issues in life, but also that all women are incapable of having these feelings which is why he believes women do not make good writers. In Romneys judgment, all women are selfish and not do feel anything for the wider and more important issues. He says that since this is a world/Uncomprehended by women, then the world should remain Uninfluenced by women. (II. 218-20) Since Romney Leigh perceives women to be outside the realm of true human emotion, he even sees them as not human. Indeed, Romneys symbolic judgment of womenartists is that they are like beasts for Aurora is described as a grand wild creature of the woods, who hate[s] the stall built for her. (II. 1098/9) In other words, Aurora is like a horse.

Profile of Mary Lacey Sr. & Mary Lacey Jr, Salem Trials

Profile of Mary Lacey Sr. & Mary Lacey Jr, Salem Trials The name â€Å"Mary Lacey† belongs to two women involved in the Salem witch trials of 1692: Mary Lacey the mother (referred to here as Mary Lacey Sr.), and her daughter Mary Lacey (referred to here as Mary Lacey Jr.). Mary Lacey Facts Known for:  in the 1692  Salem witch trialsAge at time of Salem witch trials:  Mary Lacey Sr. was about 40, and Mary Lacey Jr. was 15 or 18 (sources differ)Dates: Mary Lacey Sr.:  July 9, 1652- 1707.  Mary Lacey Jr.: 1674? - ?Also known as:  Mary Lacy Family, Background: Mary Lacey Sr. was the daughter of Ann Foster and her husband, Andrew Foster.  Ann Foster emigrated from England in 1635.  Mary Lacey Sr. was born about 1652.  She married Lawrence Lacey on August 5, 1673. Mary Lacey Jr. was born about 1677. Mary Lacey and the Salem Witch Trials When Elizabeth Ballard of Andover fell ill with a fever in 1692, the doctors suspected witchcraft, knowing of the events in nearby Salem.  Ann Putnam Jr. and Mary Wolcott were called to Andover to see if they could identify the witch, and they fell into fits upon seeing Ann Foster, a 70-something widow.  She was arrested and sent to Salem jail on July 15. She was examined on July 16 and 18.  She resisted acknowledging that she had committed any witchcraft. An arrest warrant was issued against Mary Lacey Jr. on July 20th, for â€Å"Committed Sundry acts of witchcraft on Eliz Ballerd, the wife of Jos Ballerd of Andover. to her great hurt.† She was arrested the next day and brought to an examination by John Hathorne, Jonathan Corwin, and John Higginson.  Mary Warren fell into a violent fit at the sight of her.  Mary Lacey Jr. testified that she had seen her mother, grandmother and Martha Carrier flying on poles given by the Devil.  Ann Foster, Mary Lacey Sr. and Mary Lacey Jr. were examined again that same day by Bartholomew Gedney, Hathorne, and Corwin, â€Å"accused of practicing witchcraft upon Goody Ballard.† Mary Lacey Sr. accused her mother of witchcraft, probably to help deflect the charges against herself and her daughter.  Ann Foster had until that time denied the charges; she may have shifted strategies to save her daughter and granddaughter. Mary Lacey Sr. was indicted for bewitching Mercy Lewis in Salem on July 20. On September 14, the testimony of those who charged Mary Lacey Sr. with witchcraft was delivered in writing.  On September 17, the court tried and convicted  Rebecca Eames, Abigail Faulkner, Ann Foster, Abigail Hobbs, Mary Lacey Sr., Mary Parker, Wilmott Redd, Margaret Scott, and Samuel Wardwell, and they were condemned to be executed. Later in September, the last eight convicted of witchcraft were hanged, and at the end of the month, the Court of Oyer and Terminer stopped meeting. Mary Lacey After the Trials Mary Lacey Jr was released from custody on October 6, 1692, on a bond. Ann Foster died in jail in December of 1692; Mary Lacey was eventually released.  Mary Lacey Jr. was indicted on January 13 for â€Å"covenanting.† In 1704, Mary Lacey Jr. married Zerubbabel Kemp. Lawrence Lacey sued for restitution for Mary Lacey in 1710.  In 1711, the  legislature of the Province of Massachusetts Bay  restored all rights to many of those who had been accused in the 1692 witch trials. Included were George Burroughs, John Proctor, George Jacob, John Willard, Giles and  Martha Corey,  Rebecca Nurse,  Sarah Good, Elizabeth How,  Mary Easty, Sarah Wilds, Abigail Hobbs, Samuel Wardell, Mary Parker,  Martha Carrier, Abigail Faulkner, Anne Foster, Rebecca Eames, Mary Post, Mary Lacey, Mary Bradbury and Dorcas Hoar. Mary Lacey Sr. died in 1707.

Purchasing and procurement in supply chains Essay

Purchasing and procurement in supply chains - Essay Example Thus, this study was initiated to investigate the application of supply chain management strategy in Boeing Company. The choice of Boeing is based on its strategic position in the aircraft manufacturing sector and the series of problems it faces of late. Using, appropriate theoretical framework, deduced from the work of previous researchers, the company was diagnosed, and the supply chain and suppliers relationship mapped out. Porters value chain framework also help us develop some feedback and the way forward where some value drivers, core competences and competitive advantage were identified. Having suppliers dotted all over areas and the need to link them through a common data base was emphasized. The report of calls on top management to successfully adjust Porters value chain to suit its need. Our recommendation is for customers and suppliers to be effectively integrated into the value chain, where consumers become Pro-sumers and suppliers are turned into consumers. The existing relationship with partners, suppliers, and customers should be turned in to a long term collaboration relationship. Boeing should integrate its logistics, procurement, operations, and marketing functions with other supply chain members so that materials, information, component parts, and finished product flow seamlessly from point of origin to final customer at low unit cost and at high levels of service (Christopher 1992). Supply chain management (SCM) is a strategic tool employed by present day business to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and customers so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time in order to minimize system wide costs while satisfying service-level requirements ( Cheng, Lai & Gunasekaran 2006). In the 90s, SCM gained momentum and received due attention from practitioners and researchers. It has become present day managerial competitive weapon

An Orientation Tour along with Fall Prevention Education Coursework

An Orientation Tour along with Fall Prevention Education - Coursework Example Step 3:Create your research question. State your full question. For example: For new students entering an online program would a mandatory orientation course improve retention by increasing computer literacy and professional writing proficiency? Step 4:Select the key PICOT terms for searching the evidence.Is the potential solution something for which you (as nurse or student) can find a solution through evidence research? In the above example the PICOT search terms would be: Â  I will compare the rate of fall to tour with the family members alone to the unit prior to the admission without patient aware of the facility he/she is going to orientation tour with both patient and family members. One of the strategies I will use to expand the search would be refining the search statement, choosing the appropriate data base, using more focused key words, opting for advanced search as well as Boolean search. In addition, controlling the language and vocabulary can also be used in expanding my search. 3. Describe ways you might refine your general search to reduce the number of results from your search. Can you use the EBSCO subject headings? What about the advanced search option using Boolean limiters such as AND. Once you have a reasonable number of relevant search results (10-30) what final limiters will, you set to reduce the search results further (i.e., English language limiter, age limiters, publication year limiters, peer-reviewedjournallimiter, and/or human subject limiter)? The use of advanced search or the Boolean search is effective ways of refining the general research. The EBSCO database presents an opportunity for the use of headings of the intended subject which I can successfully use to define my subject. Moreover, using the option of AND, OR and NOT which are the Boolean limiters can serve as a strategy of refining my research.