Philosophy of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Philosophy of Education - Essay Example So what does this term quality really indicate? A quality education is first and foremost free from obvious flaws. In the manufacturing sector, quality control ensures that the product leaving the factory will perform as promised. A quality education is delivered by skill, competent educational practitioners. These are people that are talented and trained to ensure that the processes of teaching and learning work as promised. A quality education is an education where student expectations of learning are elevated by inspired teachers. These teachers then strive to facilitate the learning in a manner that exceeds student expectations. Aside from being free from flaws in delivery, reception and analysis of information, a quality education is an education that meets the immediate needs of the learner and then inspires the learner to look to the future with the bright understanding that they can overcome challenges and obstacles that hinder them from reaching their goals. The basis for a program that delivers a quality education is grounded in the belief that all children can learn. Coupled with that belief is the understanding that all children learn differently. ... Educational settings are often accused of not being a part of the real world. The real world is full of people with different capacities to learn grow and achieve. Creating an inclusive setting within the classroom makes the learning in that classroom more real than it would be if children with high ability were segregated from those that struggle to achieve. Inclusion of all children within the classroom has positive social and educational benefits, but it also creates a very difficult situation for the teacher. How can quality instruction be delivered if the reading levels are so very different or if the math skills don’t all match? Why should the child that is well behaved and mannerly be saddled with classmates that are rowdy and rude? How can these challenges created by inclusion be overcome? Differentiating instruction is the means by which the teacher can deliver a quality education to each child even though their interests and abilities greatly vary. Teachers need to d ifferentiate their instruction based on how they deliver information to accommodate different learning styles, student readiness to learn and student interest. Each of these types of differentiation addresses challenges created by inclusion of all students in the educational setting. Children obtain information in a multitude of ways, and studies have shown that some are more adept at using some sensory methods than others. The visual learner, the auditory learner and the kinesthetic learner are not new ideas in education. Offering a plethora of sensory rich experiences for children heightens the chance that individual learning styles will be accommodated most of the time. What children need is an opportunity to have instruction to play into their strengths

Construction Cost Control & Management Coursework - 1

Construction Cost Control & Management - Coursework Example The length of the lodge is 14 meters and the width is 10 meters. The rear roofing will not be excavated. The perimeter area that is to be excavated is the outer 2m width, and the depth will be 2.75 m. On the first day at the site, only the excavator and the driver will be present since the only work on that day will only involve digging up the ground. The material extracted is of poor quality and will be deposited in a pit far away from the site. The material is to be transported to a pit 8 km away by 20 tones capacity lorry. The number of lorries to be used during excavation period are two, which means the time taken to load one lorry is equal to the time taken by the other lorry to ferry the unwanted soil and come back. The time taken to load a lorry is estimated to be 30 minutes, thus, the speed of the lorry is 32 km per hour. That means in a day each lorry is expected to make 8 trips but one lorry will take one less trip which is lost at the start of the day meaning the total num ber made in a day are 15. Thus, the excavator and the general operations will take 12 days while the lorry and the loader will cover 12 days. The ground work will involve the laying down of a building foundation that will include parts of walls, piers and a column. The foundation will have to be strong and this means it has to be dug deeper enough to enable stability of the lodge. The ground work stage will be have various costs expenditures in the excavation process which will include payment of the wheeled excavator, cost of hiring a lorry to transport the excavated soil, paying the loader back hoe, tipping fee and other general operative costs. The workers will take 8 hours per day and the work will be carried out for six days a week. Thus, the excavation will take 96 hours since the maximum period allowed is two weeks. The tipping site is paid per 10000 m3 lorry capacity deposited for price of $20. The cost of the various tasks attached to the groundwork stage are general operat ion costs $12 per hour, lorry and driver $38 per hour, wheel excavator and driver $35 per hour and loader backhoe $32 per hour. Brickwork; the walls of the lodge are to be built by bricks with a cement lime mortar. The number of bricks that will be used in the construction of the lodge will depend on the perimeter, height and partition of the lodge. The costs that will be involved in brickwork are that of purchasing the bricks, cement, cost of hiring a mixer, cost of labor and general operative costs. The price of the block bricks is $ 54 per 1000 bricks and the price of the hollow bricks is $ 100 per 1000 bricks. The overall cost charged by the contractor includes the cost of the materials, 8% on overheads and profit. The appearance of the wall is to be improved during the course of the contract by hollow bricks of different which will be sourced from a different manufacturer. Thus, the cost of the bricks will different due to their nature. The sunken bricks are more easily broken than the rest and the amount of waste is expected to be twice of the other bricks. The cost of the two types of bricks differs in their prices levels. The cost of block bricks is estimated to cost 75% to the price of the hollow bricks. Wall cladding; the wall cladding will involve the process of installing the bricks to form walls and the floor of the lodge. The installation process will face two set of periods because of the two types

The Global Soft Drink Market Situation

The Global Soft Drink Market Situation Executive summary The purpose of this business report is to provide insight on the market trends facing the soft drink industry and a detail strategy for the launch of a new carbonated soft drink Ice-cola in Pakistan. The idea of launching a carbonated soft drink in Pakistan is to change consumer tastes, a growing emphasis on product safety, and enhancing the market shares and profit percentage. Soft drinks are non-alcoholic (carbonated) as well as non-carbonated beverages which can be classified in number of categories. Soft drinks are in high demand and are preferred by almost every category of society in the world. More specifically, the demand for the carbonated soft drinks in Pakistan is highly influenced by certain characteristics like spiky taste, culture and social trends in parties and religious attributes. The strategy of new soft drink Ice-cola (which is going to be launched in Pakistan) will have to face competitive market in terms of other carbonated soft drinks particularly giants Pepsi and Coca -Cola because these soft drinks have already well maintained its positions in Pakistani market for a long time. However the strategy of new soft drink Ice- Cola has also competitive advantages in terms of changing consumer taste and refreshing sparking element that will ensure profitability and quality acceptance in Pakistani society. Introduction Soft drink industry Soft drinks are common preferences among all the individuals in almost every region of the world. The name soft drink especially separates alcohol element from this category and the term drink which includes a number of soft drinks like colas, sparkling water, iced tea, lemonade, squash, and fruit juices are among the most common types of soft drinks. Soft drinks are gradually overtaking hot drinks and other beverages as the major drink sector in the world. However the US remains the biggest market at present and Asia seems to be the main driver of sales growth in the future. Now-a-days soft drink is more favourite refreshment drink than tea, coffee and other hard drinks. Murray (2006) has explained the soft drink industry by stating, For years the story in the nonalcoholic sector centered on the power struggle between Coke and Pepsi. But as the pop fight has topped out, the industrys giants have begun relying on new product flavors and looking to other carbonated beverages for growth. Global Soft drink Market Situation Soft drink industry has a powerful impact on the lives of its consumers from throughout the world. The consumption of the soft drinks continued to increase year by year because of link between healthy diet and soft drinks. King (2010) states that in 2009 Eastern Europe, Africa, Middle East and Asia are fastest growing regions as compare to developed markets. In soft drinks category, bottled water, carbonated, non- carbonated and other fruit juices are available in the market. Bottled watered drinks have achieved sound sales growth due to distinctive attributes of the product which is refreshing element in hot weather and sugar free flavored water. On the other hand, a number of functional drinks had been also a part of consumers interest. Each soft drink has certain attributes which attracts its consumers. It is reality that some soft drinks remain very popular in the market for certain reasons such as brand image, quality and price. The market size of the soft drink industry has bee n changing with the time being. This industry has 46.8% market shares within non-alcoholic industry. The global soft drinks market was valued at $479bn in 2009 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 3.1% to reach $556bn in 2014. According to financial forecast period to 2014, soft drinks sales are expected to increase 39.8% to PKR19.5 billion ($233 million). (Euromonitor Passport GMID) Pakistani soft drink market situation The soft drink market in Pakistan enjoys a dynamic growth in context of volume and value sectors because of Pakistan Government have reduced excise taxes to encourage soft drinks manufactures and importers. The Government of Pakistan has also decided to tax the soft drink industry on the production capacity rather than on actual production. Pakistani market situation about soft drinks achieved a slightly smooth and positive growth during the years. CAGR 4.2 % represent satisfactory line for soft drinks stability in Pakistan. Simultaneously there have been some inflationary pressures on soft drink industry. However still this industry remains stable successfully to keep the strength of market shares (Euro monitors Passport GMID). The cause for the positive market growth for soft drinks and particularly in carbonated drinks is because of the hot climate, peoples preferences and various life trends. Soft drink industry in Pakistan may expect increase of sale growth 30.5%. The price and consumption of soft drinks stand almost in an equal rate among various regions of Pakistan. In rural areas prices of soft drinks are slightly reduced than posh areas (Euro monitors Internationals soft drinks in Pakistan). Carbonated drinks Within the soft drink market, carbonated soft drinks continue to dominate the market, because of the traditional flavoured beverages, sugar- and caffeine-free drinks. Mostly Carbonated drinks are dominated by artificial flavours based on cola, sweetened with sugars or with non-caloric sweeteners. On consumption level, there are some factors which influence the consumers to buy carbonated drinks for certain reasons like, status symbol, taste, variety, brand ambassador and advertising campaign especially in Pakistan. The demand for the carbonated soft drinks is mainly influenced by the taste of the customers, age groups and the demographic conditions. For example the demand for carbonated drinks escalates to high number in Pakistan especially during the summer period and slightly drops in winter. The main target segment for carbonated drinks is the youth. The carbonated cola drinks are high in demand in Pakistan because of a number of reasons for example; all cola carbonated drinks are served in restaurants, hotels and parties within meals and customers enjoy a spiky and refreshing flavour of carbonated drinks which is not possible by other soft drinks (fruit juice etc). Moreover Alcohol is not consumed due to religion restrictions in Pakistan. However on the whole carbonated based drinks like Coca- cola, Pepsi (low caloric cola drinks) have been remained at the top demand in Global soft drinks industry. There could be more significant volume opportunities in future by carbonate taking its enough shares, with carbonates likely to pick up most of the volume growth as previous % shows like 23.8 % and 24.0 % in 2008 and 2009 respectively. (Euro monitors Passport GMID) Soft drinks Chart by Volume Percentage Source: Official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, store checks, trade interviews, Euro monitor international estimate, Euro monitor GMID passport. From the above graph, it could be analysed easily from 2003 to 2009 the volume % of cola carbonates as compare to other soft drinks has achieved higher %. It clearly indicates that cola carbonates (soft drinks) are consumed and produced more than other drinks in the market due to the demand and higher consumption level. Competitors In the present market of soft drinks in Pakistan there are some giant and minor competitors for Ice- Cola in the market. The following classification of soft carbonated drinks in Pakistan in terms of competition can draw a clearer picture. Classification in terms of competition First Preference Pepsi Second Preference Coca-Cola Followers Preferences 7-up, Mountain Dew, Sprite, Marinda, etc The others Amrat -cola etc. Pepsi and Coca-cola Pakistani carbonated soft drink market is dominated by Pepsi. Today Pepsi brand is part of global portfolio of beverages brands which includes carbonated soft drinks, juice drinks, coffee etc. Pepsi is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by Pepsi Co. Now there are a number of Pepsi variants available in the market such as (Diet Pepsi, crystal Pepsi, Pepsi twist, Pepsi max and Pepsi Gold etc) and Pepsi is recognized as No 1 Pakistan National drink. Major competitor of Pepsi is Coca- Cola. Pepsi is bit sweeter than Coca- cola and is liked by all (Pepsico.co). Coca- cola is next to Pepsis competitor and international recognized brand. Coca- Colas basic strength is its brand name. With this brand name the sales growth is increasing ever year and under this trade mark Coca cola,- zero, Diet Cock and Coca- cola Zero has developed its own competitive market. Coca- Cola volume growth is very aggressive in different markets in the world, particularly in three markets Viet nam, India and Pakistan. The volume growth is 27%, 25% and 18% respectively. While Pepsi with its diversification in drinks, packaging and broad market sector is more successful than Coca-cola to maintain its successful position in the Pakistani market. Pepsi and Coca-cola brands have various % in terms of market analysis in different markets of the world. According to Beverage digest report 2009 in the U.S market PepsiCo 30.8 % market share while Coke have 42.67 % market shares. This shows cokes positive strength as compare to Pepsi in U.S market. (Coca-cola .com). (Research proposal for soft drinks) Pepsi and Coca-Cola market scenario in Pakistan Pakistani beverage industry is dominated by Pepsi and Coca-cola brands. These are two major brands in carbonated soft drink industry in Pakistan. Pepsi-co faced initial problems while settling in Pakistan in 1959. However it came again in 1963 with dominant strategies. It used franchised entry mode to develop its market in Pakistan. One of the major reason of its success as compare to Coca-cola in Pakistan is this, it cater a huge segment and due to the diversification of their product line and particularly franchising entry for them to take quick decisions. The taxes that Pepsi saves because of using franchising entry mode enables it to focus more on advertisements and promotions of their products increase sales profit. Availability and meeting the consumer demand is one key factor that contributes to Pepsi success in Pakistan. At first, Coca-cola operated its business in Pakistan in 1950 as a franchise and became the leader of the soft drink industry because there was no competition at that time but in 1960 it has to face competition in the shape of Pepsi. In 1966 coca-cola operated its business in Pakistan as a multinational company and took over all the franchises business at that time. Since that time it became very hard for Coca-cola to maintain its markets shares as previously. Being a multination company it has to pay huge amount (3 times higher than Pepsi) of tax to Government. (PepsiCo, Inc.) SWOT Analysis of Pepsi and Coca-cola Strengths Pepsi Coco-cola Establish name and sound reputation of company International brand image The demand of Pepsi is more high than its competitors Coca-cola bottle image and use of it brand image on various objects International competitive position and more market shares than competitors Broad advertising and promotion opportunities in business world Weakness Pepsi Coca-Cola Pepsi does not offer any discount to its retailers High prices Target consumers are only young people Rare availability in remote areas of Coca -cola in Pakistan Pepsi tins are not available in far remote areas of Pakistan Taste differentiation is not successful and great, almost similar to Pepsi Opportunities Pepsi Coca-Cola Company is thinking to enter rural areas Successful brand image may enhance the opportunity to advertise less popular products Sponsoring many cultural shows and sports give an opportunity to enhance sales growth of Pepsi Increasing opportunities of internet offers Training and service opportunities Company is trying to Threats Pepsi Coca-cola Major competitor is coca-cola, at international level cock brand is more strongly advertised rather than Pepsi Dominant threat to this industry is changing consumers drinking habits in terms of health Imitators of Pepsi brand in Pakistan and customers complaint about the non-availability of original drink Major competitor (Pepsi) has a strong position in the market. Non carbonated drinks such as juices and tea have maintained good position in the market External threats of labor strikes in Pakistan (Pepsi. Com, Coca-cola.com) Performance analysis of Pepsi and coca-cola Make a graph or pie chart here to show Pepsi and Coca-cola Scenario, collect data by your self Sales analysis Market share analysis Expense analysis Financial analysis Analysis in own words Reasons of launching Ice-Cola in Pakistan To increase sales growth, revenue and market shares To maintain good reputation in the market among competitors To introduce a new brand in to soft drink industry Brand Philosophy of Ice-cola Ice- cola would be a new soft drink for the people of Pakistan and for all the other people of the world. Carbonated cola drinks are usually for eradicating thirst and for have a feeling of refreshment. Same is the production philosophy with Ice-cola. It will introduce an innovative and refreshing taste in the soft drink market and enhance the number of carbonated drinks in the industry. Mission Statement Ice-Cola mission is to be the first priority of consumers in soft drinks market and it will provide best and different taste to consumers. Therefore, they can enjoy a fun and refresh feeling after having it. This brand believes in strives for honesty, fairness and integrity in the whole process of launching. Industry analysis of Ice Cola According to Aaker (2009) Market analysis builds on customer and competitor analyses to make some strategic judgments about a market (and sub market) and its dynamics. Ice cola is pure Pakistani product because it will produce domestically and Ice cola will have competitive advantage against the other imported soft drinks like low cost etc. As earlier mentioned it is pure Pakistani drink so the company can take the advantage of be Pakistani and buy Pakistani also. Ice cola can be customized according to the various needs and demand of the Pakistani culture, which may take place from time to time. During the development of the idea of this product the technological changes are kept in mind. Initially during the production of ice cola existing technology will be used. Later on with the passage of the time if there is change in technology then new technology will be introduced for long run after appropriate pre- testing. Currently there are no as such legal concerns about this business. Being a food item there is no as such restriction imposed by the government because as this product is domestically produced and all the ingredients used is HALAL. As there are many soft drinks are available in the local market but Ice-cola focus will focus on the health of the consumer. This product is healthy and it will produce locally so more consumer will replace there other carbonated drinks and energy drinks by some locally produced healthier carbonated drink. Company is forming its own market with the unique taste with cola flavour and original taste without the effect of any harmful chemicals. Over the couple of years the sale of soft drinks in the Pakistan has doubled and the demand of the soft drinks especially locally produced increased within the last three years so the growth rate of the industry would be sound. Over the last three years no new firm has entered in the Pakistani soft drink business and no new product has been launched by the competitors so since last three years. Distribution channels of ice cola. Theory Existing distribution channels can be described by how direct they are to the customer. Trends and emerging channels, new channels can offer the opportunity to develop a competitive advantage Channel power structure for example in case of a product having little brand equity, retailers has negotiating power over manufacturers and can capture more margins. Market segmentation of Ice-Cola According to Ferrell and Hartline (2008) to enter into a new market, any product strategy would follow the criteria of segmentation according to the chosen market scenario. They illustrate that there could be different approaches to segment the market. Various approaches do work in different circumstances. Most of the time it depends that where (chosen market) the product is going to be launched. However it should follow certain characteristics like substantial, accessible and measureable. So it can generate profit. Ice cola will be use different methods of segmentation of product in Pakistan on the basis of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Geographic Segmentation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Demographic Segmentation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Psychographic Segmentation Geographic Segmentation a) Geographic Region Ice cola first of all will target it product in major cities of Pakistan like Rawalpindi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Karachi and then it started targeting its products into different other cities. Then it will target whole country and afterwards will operate in other countries of Europe and East globally. So its geographic segmentation will be large. b) Density Ice cola first operated in Rawalpindi, Lahore, Faisalabad and Karachi. Then it will start targeting urban, rural and sub-urban areas of Pakistan. c) Climate This is also fact that climate has great effect in targeting different market segments. Ice cola will mostly target in the hot weather countries like Dubai, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia. Demographic Segmentation Target Market of Ice cola Teenagers Adults Sport persons And also late 50s Total population of Pakistan is 165 million (GDP 2008). Ice cola targeted all genders including males, females especially youngsters. The focus target of Ice cola would be age group between 15-32. Age The focus target age would be 15-32 because it represents the larger portion of the Pakistani population. As it has been estimated from the above figures that target consumers are between 15-32. Therefore highest 39.20 % of total population will consume Ice-cola at the most. The higher the consumption level, the higher the profit would be in the long run. Religion As Ice cola is operating in Islamic country. Therefore it will make its products with HALAL MATERIAL. Because it targets Islamic countries like Pakistan, Saudi Arabia. As, alcohol and different other materials that are prohibited in Islam, so Ice cola will not use any kind of material in its product. Therefore internationally it will target Muslim Countries first and later it will operate at global level. Psychographic Segmentation This will be the most important segment which Ice cola will use in its product. It will tell us what customer thinks about our product. It describes point of view of customer about the product. It is the science of using psychology and demographics to better understand customers. So when Ice cola will realize the needs of customers. Then it will start working on different products according to customers need and demand. Pakistans climate is usually warm and humid which causes dehydration and increase in thirst. In Pakistan soft drinks are not only considered a liquid intake but considered as a status symbol among friends, colleagues and family affairs. Holidays and particular religious events for example; Eid and fasting month (Ramadan) the sale of soft drinks increase. Moreover in the other seasons (winter) soft drinks sales do not affect highly but keeps a steady progress. For the next coming years (2010-2014) it can be estimated a steady growth overall. Increase in sales growth is expected due to the young Generation favorable approach and sparking fun towards carbonated cola drinks in Pakistan. Market entry strategy and market development Operation plan Operation plan of the product includes inventory, shipping, storage, and inventory control procedure and customer service. Kent (2003) states that inventory are a significant element of any businesss operation plan which gives hold to the structure of business. Inventory is the raw material or stock goods held by any business. Effective inventory management (control) in operation plan can lead the business to generate huge profit and poor monitoring might be in result of disaster of the business. In case of Ice cola just in time inventory will be used in case of product. It will reduce the storing cost which will give us competitive edge against target customers. All manufacturing operations will take place in Ice cola factory. Aaker (2009) illustrates that distribution system include three type of sections. For example; Alternative distribution channels, new emerging channels and powerful channels. He emphasis on this issue that do not consider only existing channels but also think for new potential ones through which product could be more easily available for its consumers and business users. For Ice-cola production outward suppliers will pay the shipping charges for the finished goods. In case of bulk purchase of the goods company will pay only 30% charges, purchase of 50,000 units in a month is the limit for the propose. Trained workers and machine operators will be hired from the other factories as a part time employee at 900Rs. a day and they will train our permanent workers. Finished product of the Ice cola drink will be stored in company retained building which has capacity to store 150,000 units in it. Rent of the building is Rs. 35,000 per month. Ice-cola will maintain the finished goods inventory of 60,000 units at any time including the factory. Kent and Omar (2003) specify the importance of maintenance and customer service particularly in term of new product launching. A new business can take two way benefits. At first, it can make loyal relationship with its consumers by providing guidance and support after a sale. Secondly, it could prove additional positive source of revenue in the form of life time customers. By keeping in touch with customers and providing quality assurance after sale is a key point to generate profit through product. A detail survey could be conducted after six month period of launching the product to find out the market trends, response and consumer demand. Later on product can be changed according to needs. Marsen (2007) narrates certain points in term of facilities in operational strategy to run the business successfully. It is very important to note that how target customers are going to get the product. Key suppliers and transportation facilities might be close to the operation centres according to the nature of the business. These facilities should be positioned adequately to make the profitable way of business. Marketing Plan Product Wilson (2006) illustrates about product and product dimensions that for a number of customers product is only a tangible and physical entity which is placed in the market for buying and selling. However product is main priority of any business organization because through this firm plans to achieve its objectives. Moreover, Wilson (2006) narrates the relationship between customer and product. Product should be designed according to the core market requirement. Price Ferrell and Hartline (2008) strongly advocate the significant value of pricing strategy because this is the only element of marketing mix that leads to revenue or profit and price has a direct connection with customer demand. Therefore, price of a product could be charged in a number of ways such as value, optional, psychological, geographical etc. In case of Ice-cola, the firm will fallow its motto BE PAKISTANI BUY PAKISTANI as a result company will offer a high quality product at a low price. It will allow firm to position as a one of the best quality and price wise best brand. This provides companys partners an opportunity to sell a high quality product, while increasing their margins and selling a high quality product to the resellers. Purchase price of retailer of one can would be Rs 25. Discount Offers In the competition with the other soft drinks available in the market Ice- cola will offer at special reduce prices to gain the market shares in special events like Ramadan, Eid, Basant and other events. Price setting statistical data Promotion Aaker (2009) states that modern marketing has replaced ancient meaning of promotion with the concept of MC (marketing communication) or the coordination of all promotional activities such as ( media advertising, direct mail, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, packaging, store display, website design, personnel) to produce a unified, customer-focused message. Any way of promotional medium could be adapted according to the product development. Ice -cola will be promoted by different communication channels in the Pakistani market. Communication channels TV campaigns (Through cable) Bill board Local news paper Advertising campaign Placement Place deals with the distribution channels and various options for the consumers to access the product. Baines (2008) describes that according to the type of the product placement or distribution channels are positioned. Sometimes middleman may involve in the distribution and placement of the product. This is all about mainly satisfying the consumers and makes convenient approach for consumers to access the product in time. Ice-cola would focus on the big and high growth market cities of Pakistan like Lahore Islamabad, Karachi, Faisalabad and Multan and then Ice cola will also focus on the small cities and rural areas of Pakistan. Therefore Ice cola will available every single grocery store in Pakistan. In future Ice -cola could be launched internationally in Middle Eastern and European countries. People Write it for ice-cola According to Baines and Fill (2008) (people) customer service staff of any firm play significant part in term of product presentation, convince their consumers to take competive advantages of it. They create a corporate image and maintain that image in the minds of consumers which could be the most effective marketing tool to have potentail customers in the long run for market decelopment.   Five ps image should be here like this Positioning Porters value chain model It determines where value is added and for isolating the costs. The cost structure is also helpful for formulating strategies to develop a competitive advantage Use this model according to ice-cola Organisational Plan Ice cola will be partner firm. The partnership will be lie between the founders of the company. Partnership will be according to their share of capital invested in the firm. Profit will be distributed between them as per their percentage share in the firm. The every decision will be taken with the consensus and majority of votes will be required to take the decision. On every important document the signature of at least three members should be there. This will also be implying on the financial matters of the firm. Partners and their contribution to capital are as follows. Name of the partners Contribution Saba Imtaiz 19 % Suhail Ahmed 15 % Asma Zubair 16 % Yasir Ali 19 % Isha Saghir 18 % Wahab Munir 13 % Hierarchal Structure The hierarchal structure of the Ice cola company would be as follows: Board of directors Partners of firms Chief executive officer Asma Zubair Chief financial official Talha Shahid Marketing manager - Nimrha Basheer HR Manager Abdul Hanan Production manager Sidra Zaheer Operational manager Nadia Afzal Organisational Chart Board of Directors CEO Finance Marketing Human Resource Manager Manager Manager Finance Finance Marketing Marketing HR HR Officer Officer Officer Officer Officer Officer Forecast Financial Plan Project financial statement of company (Ice-cola) is given below Performa Income Statement (PKR 000s) Pest analysis Profitable strategy Key success factors These factors help to achieve marketing objectives Access to essential unique resources Ability to achieve economies of scale Access to distribution channels Technological progress These factors could change over time as the product progresses through its life cycle. Critical reflection on the assignment process Conclusion

Essay --

Every day, advances in technology lead us nearer and nearer to fully autonomous robots, but even today, robots play a huge role in our lives. Robots exist obviously in software, just look at your smartphone, but robots in hardware exist too, recently, robots such as â€Å"Asimo,† â€Å"Watson,† and â€Å"Deep Blue† were able to perform actions which were thought to be exclusively human such as scaling stairs, making meaningful conversation, and playing chess. But with so many robots already existing, and the rapid progress we are making in the field of robotics, will robots eventually become the dominant life form? This question has puzzled philosophers and sci-fi authors alike for decades; however, the truth of the matter is that robots already have taken over. Without robots in our lives, we simply could not survive as we are. Additionally, robots are not plagued by consciousness, and would never jeopardise their own existence as humans so often do. Finally, ro bots today have the ability to reproduce themselves; this innate and conventionally biological trait is what turns a mere object into an animate life-form. Robots play an integral part in our society, they run our businesses, maintain our economy and do our manufacturing, without them, the routines we have set would crumble. Robots however, are not dependant on human existence; they could theoretically remain self-sufficient forever. By 2014, active cell phones will outnumber humans. These devices are a prime example of consumer robotics and artificial intelligence; we are connected to them at all times, and could not communicate without them. Furthermore, we rely on our robots to run our industry, manufacturing, business administration and plant automation would not be possible without ... ...anufacture. This is shown in many robotic assembly lines, where robots are able to produce a product, or indeed another robot, in a fraction of the time it would take a human to do so. This vastly superior reproduction process not only qualifies robots as a bona fide life form, but also sets them higher from humans with respect to dominance. Robots play a huge role in the life of the human race, but robots, while they are the servants of the human race, are dominant already. Robots are quicker, smarter and more powerful than any biological life form, pocket calculators will outsmart even the cleverest humans, it is for this reason that we rely on them so much, and with them having a greater survivability and a better reproduction system than humans, it is obvious why robots already are superior, and therefore more dominant in numbers, strength and size, than humans.

Coin Opreated Vending Machine Based on Microcontroller

average vending machines are commonplace at railway stations, airports, fast-food restaurants and even in companies. Press a switch and the machine delivers a cup of your favorite drink. This looks quite a simple operation but has a very complex logic behind it: It involves use of twelve precision timers and four counters apart from physical devices like display, solenoid and motor to deliver water and premixed tea/coffee/soup powder in exact quantity for better taste and in exact sequence.This has become possible because of the use of micro controllers, which allow compact size, higher reliability, lower cost and multiple functionalists. This tea/coffee/soup vending machine controller uses Free-scale latest AT89S52   micro controller chip. The controller is programmable and user friendly. You can set the quantity of the beverages through a button switch provided on the front panel of the controller as per your requirements. Thus, cups of any size can be filled at any time. But you can insert a 10RS.Coin in the system then is working. For human beings, recognizing if a coin is real is pretty easy. We can look at the coin, weigh it in our hand, feel the temperature, listen to it hit the floor, etc. If someone handed you a coin replica made of plastic, you would immediately know it is fake even if it looked authentic to your eyes. If someone handed you a blank steel slug, it would obviously be â€Å"not a coin† because it wouldn’t look like a coin at all. What we take for granted as humans is not so easy for a vending machine.A vending machine needs a relatively inexpensive way to detect if a coin is real. Circuit Diagram: Block Diagram: http://ayusdumaru. blogspot. in/p/vending-machine. html http://www. docstoc. com/docs/134527341/Coin-operated-vending-machine http://www. scribd. com/doc/13916969/Ece-10-Documentation-Vending-Machine Be it schools, colleges or commercial establishments, vending machines, also known as automatic retailing, are ever ywhere. Most of the time, vending machines are used to sell beverages like tea, coffee and sodas, candies, snacks, gumballs, lottery tickets etc. o people. If you look at the history of vending machines, it is believed that the first such machine was actually invented way back in 215 BC by a Greek mathematician and used in Egyptian temples to dispense holy water! Thereafter, the first commercial vending machine was installed in 1880 in England, which was coin operated and sold postcards. It was only in the year 1888, that vending machine business made an entry into New York, America by way of the Thomas Adams Gum Company, which installed these machines at the subway platforms in New York City and sold gum.After that, there has been a no looking back, with everything, right from postcards, cigarettes, sodas, snacks, being provided through them to the customers, with just the push of a button! People would have thought that there can be nothing as convenient as these machines, but now , looking at what the vending machines of the future promise, this thinking will certainly get changed. Let us know something interesting about the future vending machines. Machines that Recognizes Age and Sex!Believe it or not, but there are vending machines installed at a Station in Tokyo, Japan, which can actually recognize a person's age and sex and suggest options accordingly. They have inbuilt cameras which recognize the activities taking place outside the machine. This machine comes with a 47-inch touch panel display, instead of the push-button system which are the usual fare with vending machines. They are controlled by a centralized server, which are in turn monitored by the vending company. When a customer comes in this machine's vicinity, images of various drinks are displayed on the screen.The machine will sense the customer's age and sex and then recommend a few drinks according to that. Also, if the customer wants some more information on a particular drink, such as it s nutritional information, they can actually zoom in and get it! These machines are godsend for marketers as when nobody is within a ten foot radius of these machines, their screens display advertisements! No More Credit Cards! A Massachusetts company who is into manufacturing vending machines, proclaims that soon there will be biometric vending machines introduced in the market.These biometric machines will recognize a person through his fingerprints. Through these customers can actually connect a credit card to the imprint of their thumb! The Massachusetts company predicts that such machines, which make the customers feel engaged will be the new future of vending machines. There are also some talks going around that certain vending machines are being manufactured and tested which will allow retinal scans of the customers. The customers will thus be recognized through their retinas and thereafter, charged for their vending machine purchases.A very useful feature of these vending ma chines, for companies who have installed them, is that they will come with Ethernet connections. This will enable them to recognize real fast when the machine needs to be re-stocked. Also, if the machine is somehow not working properly due to a coin being stuck in it, the monitors will report it immediately and the same fault can be corrected within no time. It is believed that these machines will get installed within the next one year. Looking at their benefits, they are indeed a â€Å"win-win† for customers, companies as well as advertisers!Read more at Buzzle:  http://www. buzzle. com/articles/vending-machines-of-the-future. html The Advantages and Disadvantages of Vending  Machines Vending machines are the most easy to use produce of the recent years. A cashier is ultimately unnecessary when it comes to vending machines, and yet it delivers food of all sorts. All you have to do is to fill the coin slot with the right amount of money, press the button according to what you desire to obtain, and then it comes right out of the machine. Pressing some button is all that it takes for you to gain satisfaction whenever you are hungry.It was already several decades back when the concept of vending machines came to life; it was when a mathematician put a coin in a machine slot, which eventually handed out water. During the industrial era, the use of vending machines have been taken advantaged by the public for the reason that these machines were already positioned in universities, hallways, and in workplaces. It is for the reason that  vending machines  provide you with your necessities almost instantly, that people consider it as a very much reliable choice.Not all people think of that, unfortunately; there are those who consider vending machines as tools that let you waste your hard-earned money to its costly products. People also are indeed dreadful when the item that they want to purchase gets stuck in the machine. This further proves that vending machines can both be beneficial and a waste of time for some people. The greatest benefit of these vending machines is that they are very versatile and convenient. When you find yourself in the middle of closed shops, with a hungry stomach, a vending machine can really come in handy.When you do not have the time in your hands, and you really need something to eat, these vending machines can be the sole answer to your problems. When you talk about vending machines, costly items always come with it, making this one of its major disadvantages. Compared to items being sold in other stores, those items that are on vending machines are way on the high-priced spectrum. Therefore, if you want to, then do not stop yourself from spending so much. Another disadvantage is the harmful snacks that they offer.Teenagers almost always patronize these unhealthy snacks that are constantly available in vending machines. Studies have shown that a great deal of foods and beverages in these machines are low in nutritional values. After knowing the different advantages and disadvantages of  vending machines, only you can make the final decision whether or not you still want to continue using it. Some people may have conflicting ideas when this topic arises. Nevertheless, what matters most is that you learn to stand on what you believe in. Besides, these machines have been designed to increase our comfort, with no other harm intended.

Great Gatsby is a tragic hero Essay

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is a classic American tragedy. The novel has all the basic elements necessary to classify a story as a tragedy: a tragic hero, his character flaw, and a twist of fate which results in the hero’s ultimate destruction. Jay Gatsby is the doomed tragic hero, blinded by his irrational dream to relive the past. Fate interferes in the form of the unexpected manslaughter of one character’s mistress by his wife. All these facets of the story come together to cause the end of Gatsby. In order for a character to be defined as a tragic hero, he must be noble in character. Jay Gatsby demonstrates this in his devotion to Daisy Buchanan, whom he has been preparing for a re-encounter with for the past 5 years. When he finally finds himself in her presence again, â€Å"†¦there were twinkle-bells of sunshine in the room, he smiled like a weather man, like an ecstatic patron of recurrent light†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He talks with Daisy, and even after 5 whole years of building her up in his mind, he is still very much in love with her. â€Å"†¦[After speaking with her,] there was a change in Gatsby that was simply confounding. He literally glowed; without a word or a gesture of exultation a new well-being radiated from him and filled the room.† He loves her, everything he does is for her, and there is no characteristic more noble than true love and devotion. The very denotation of a tragic hero is a noble person with a tragic flaw which helps to bring about his downfall, and which may cause the hero to make poor decisions. Mr. Gatsby’s character flaw is his enduring dream of finding Daisy, the woman he met and fell in love with before he was sent to fight in World War I, and reuniting with her. When they met, he was a poor nobody and she was a member of the old-money elite, a match that they both knew could not possibly work. So, even though he knew she was married, when Jay came back from the war, he devoted his life to reinventing himself to make himself good enough for her. â€Å"Out of the corner of his eye Gatsby saw that the blocks of the sidewalks really formed a ladder and mounted to a secret place above the trees — he could climb to it, if he climbed alone, and once there he could suck on the pap of life, gulp down the incomparable milk of wonder.† Basically, his pure, true love for Daisy was reinforced with obsession and encased in determination and wrapped in everything he  could find to make it real again. His love for Daisy outweighed any kind of reality to the point where he could no longer distinguish fact from fiction. â€Å"It had gone beyond her, beyond everything. He had thrown himself into it with a creative passion, adding to it all the time, decking it out with every bright feather that drifted his way. No amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man will store up in his ghostly heart.† Fate, with the tragic flaw, plays the principal role in the undoing of the protagonist. In The Great Gatsby, the turn of fate is when Daisy, driving Gatsby’s car with him in the passenger seat, hits and instantly kills Myrtle Wilson, and in a panic flees the scene, too shaken to stop the car. Myrtle Wilson happens to be the woman who Daisy’s husband tom has been cheating on her with, and Myrtle’s husband George Wilson witnesses the accident. He sees his wife killed by someone driving Gatsby’s car. He find out that the car belongs to Gatsby, who he has never met before, and assumes that it was he who had so violently and recklessly killed his wife. George, in a state of grief-stricken insanity, kills Jay Gatsby in his own backyard the very next day. It didn’t happen a moment too soon, either. The quality of Gatsby’s life had been deteriorating at an exponential rate, ironically, since his dream had come true. Becoming involved with Daisy at this point was upsetting his life — he had learned firsthand of the shortcomings of the woman he loved, had witnessed her weaknesses. It was tearing him up inside that he had spent half a decade on something that would be mostly detrimental to him in the end. â€Å"†¦perhaps he no longer cared. If that was true he must have felt that he had lost the old warm world, paid a high price for living too long with a single dream.† The narrator conjectures of Gatsby that, just before his death, â€Å"He must have looked up at an unfamiliar sky through frightening leaves and shivered as he found what a grotesque thing a rose is and how raw the sunlight was upon the scarcely created grass.† Gatsby’s intentions were pure, modest, innocent, genuine, but the momentum of his pursuit carried him into trouble when he was forced to stop dreaming because his dream had become reality, a thing to which Gatsby had become unaccustomed after imagining for so long. Once his dream tumbled into a  brick wall and things were sent spinning in disarray, there was no longer a place for Jay Gatsby. He had come to belong only to his dream, and was consumed by it. â€Å"†¦Gatsby turned out all right at the end; it is what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-winded elations of men.†

Development of Democracy Dbq Essay Example

Development of Democracy Dbq Essay Example Development of Democracy Dbq Essay Development of Democracy Dbq Essay History 8, November 2012 Development of Democracy DBQ The emergence of democracy would change the United States forever. Our country today wouldn’t be what it is today without democracy in place. During the 1820s-1850s democracy truly started to appear in the nation. With ideas of every man should be equal and the uprising of the abolition movements. Women didn’t keep their thoughts out of it either. In 1828 President Jackson was elected and with this he brought the idea of everyman should be equal. He also believed in that whatever he wanted, he would get and take it by any means. Also during this time abolitionist started voicing their ideas about how there should be no slavery and that all slaves are on an equal level as the white man. Woman also felt this was the perfect time to voice their opinion as well. Not all women but some felt like they were being pushed to the side and not even looked at for any decision. The women started protests and took legal action on this and fought for their right to be acknowledged in the social and political society. All these events helped develop democracy. During the early 1820s Andrew Jackson was making a push to become president of the United States. People loved him because of his background. He was from a simple beginning, working his way up through the military and eventually becoming a politician. When he ran in 1824 election, he lost because Henry Clay and john Quincy Adams teamed up and helped Adams become president. This became known as the corrupt bargain. In 1828 Jackson ran again and won the Presidential election. Once in office he saw that the regulations for the ability to vote were too much for some people, so Jackson went ahead and took away the provision of needing to own land to vote. After he did this he saw a drastic increase in voting especially with the poorer people. This is one of the reasons why people loved him and also how democracy was further developed. The people now had a voice. (doc. A) Once in office he looked to help more of the lower class. He noticed that most of the lower class were being cheated by the rich elite people, so he set out to help out the lower class. Jackson felt the second national bank was one of the main causes of the lower class being in poverty and turmoil. When it came down to deciding the outcome of the bank, Jackson vetoed the bank and said that the bank gave wealthy Americans the opportunity to take advantage of poor farmers and factory workers. He believed that the bank could hurt the nation by limiting the loans it gave out and make money tight. (doc. D) Also he believed that the bank could soon alter elections because it favored certain congressman because that congressman would have lower interest loans. doc. D) Jackson wanted to show congress that he was the man going to make the decisions and that they weren’t going to cheat the common man out of money and that they need to do good business for all. The abolition movement kicked off in the early 1830s during Jacksons First presidential term. The movement was dedicated to outlawing or abolishing the institution of slavery in the United States. Opponents in sl avery had always existed in the United States. However abolitionists called for an immediate end of slavery. Many women were involved in the movement and had a particularly active role because they wanted to be part of something that could make a difference. Jackson supported the abolition movement even though he was a slave owner. The south was against allowing slaves to be free. Many abolitionist societies and publications started showing up in the north around the early 1830’s. William Lloyd Garrison wrote a weekly anti slavery newspaper titled â€Å"The Liberator†, he spoke about how he hated slavery and how it should not exist. It was very odd at the time for Garrison to be writing about freeing slaves because he was a white man and that’s something white men don’t do. (doc. G) There were always white people that felt a sense to help because they felt bad but it was mostly in the north and Midwest. They felt that the institution of slavery was bad but the people didn’t let go of their racist thoughts about blacks. Due to the number of free blacks in the north, even though it was a small amount of blacks the Philadelphia area started to see a rise in blacks in the middle class. The blacks started to get jobs as shoemakers, bakers, cooks, and barbers. the white people saw this and this created a â€Å"Negro Phobia†, which was a anti black sentiment created in many ways. (doc. H) Slaves and free blacks were feeling sorrow because they couldn’t understand how whites could do this to another human, another man with a heart. (doc. B) The voices being heard throughout this movement were very ground breaking. This promoted democracy because people were trying to make a change in the social aspect of the government. Another huge reform during this time was women’s suffrage. Women felt they were being pushed aside like rag dolls. They wanted men to know that they mattered to this nation for more than just the ability to conceive a child. It was like how it was when the U. S. was fighting for its independence, the women were looked at with no threat but then once they started fighting back they were taken differently. Men thought of women as very inferior to themselves. Men thought that a women couldn’t handle being in politics because they would get confused and make a mess of things. doc. F) Once women felt the ability to stand up for themselves, they started telling the men what they wanted. Men were looked at on the same level as women by women. (doc. E) The women took a stand against men with the temperance movement. The women wanted their husbands to be sober well men and not become drunks. They saw that if the father is a good man then most likely the son will learn from the f ather. This movement of women caused an uproar but due to the uproar the society finally knew women were here to make a difference.

Stalin - For the good of the State essays

Stalin - For the good of the State essays Assessing Russian Reactions to Stalin's Time Overcoming all of the problems that were inherent during the Stalin years is something that will take generations for the new Russian Federation to accomplish. The inefficient bureaucracy; brutal suppression of individuality, creativity, and opposing viewpoints; personal abuse of authority and exploitation of the lower classes; and the sheer power of a government which struck complete terror into the very core of an entire nation is a seventy-year habit that Russia must work diligently to reverse. Hochschild relates a saying that perfectly describes how the average person felt during Stalin's time (and even into modern times): "If you live with the wolves, you must howl with the wolves" (9). This illustrates how the population sought conformity and belonging. The purported reason for all of the atrocities committed was for 'the good of the State', but in reality, Stalin was the state. Everything else served to support and serve him. In his need for unassailable control, he determine d that he was so great that there must be opposition, and it must be rooted out. And rooted out it was, even if it had to be created by arresting, imprisoning, exiling, and executing the innocent. To this day, still found among the people of Russia, is that desire to belong and conform, but more so is the tendency to be afraid to mention the terrible things that went on during Stalin's rule. How does one describe an entire nation in denial? The answer is: Not very easily. Organizations are springing up in the wake of glasnost and perestroika, and the removal of censorship once rampant in the USSR. These organizations are serving as a means of the displaced, the separated families, and the victims of Stalin's brutalities to comfort, reassure, inform, and remember all that was not only lost, but violently taken away. ...

Antique Wooden High Chair CareÂÂ

Antique Wooden High Chair Care   There is a certain kind of glow in your living room if it has an antique piece of furniture in it. Not only does it give off a sense of history, it also gives off a sense of wealth. Antique furniture is very expensive, and only those who truly love fine art are able to appreciate it. Thus, if you own an antique piece of furniture in your home, you should take all measures to make sure it is preserved. Do not use coarse items to clean it. This means feather dusters are out of the picture. The broken feathers could nick your antique arm chair and cause unwanted marks. While these marks can make your furniture look more antique than ever, it could open up pockets in the woodwork that can cause decay. Spray products are a definite no-no. Simply wiping it with a soft dry cloth will do the trick. It could take a while to get that shine you want, as opposed to simply spraying it with Pledge, but you’re sure to better preserve your antique arm chair’s quality this way. Also, if your arm chair was not really meant to by shiny, don’t force it, or you’ll just ruin its intrinsic beauty. Clean using only wax made for antique furniture. Antique furniture is expensive, so you should only complement it with top quality products, otherwise, you’ll be defeating the purpose. There are high quality beeswax that may be imported from England. However, if you don’t have enough money to import good wax, just wipe the arm chair with a cotton cloth. There is no such thing as â€Å"winging it† with antiques. It isn’t likely that a replacement part for your antique high chair still exists to this day. If an inlay gets loose, keep it in a safe place until somebody, an expert on fixing antique furniture, comes. Do not attempt to do the reworking yourself if you have no idea how. Handle them extra carefully. Antique furnitures have to be placed in certain temperatures only to preserve their value. If your house is dry during the winter, you should get a humidifier. Conversely, if its too humid in the summer, you should get an air conditioner. Antiques require meticulous care. Thus, if you are not prepared with the tedious job of maintaining them, then you shouldn’t get one. Wooden high chairs are one of the most common pieces of furniture, but finding an antique could be a challenge. Once you have one, care for it deeply like you do your favorite pet. You never know how much it can fetch you once you have it appraised.

Reading Assingment and Answer the Questions Article

Reading Assingment and Answer the Questions - Article Example Please include in your discussion the effects of the following: the lifting of interest rate caps; the permitting of bank investments in commercial real estate; the role played by net worth (owners’ equity), or capital- especially the inclusion of "goodwill" as part of a banks net worth. It was a situation of too little, too late. The restrictions of commodities were let loose but too late. By this time almost 50% of banks were insolvent and were having a net worth that was negative. There was duration of risk in the rising interest rates that led to both income and balance sheet problems. During the time of deregulation, banks did not make profits as a result of excess regulation as deregulation process was slow. Banks resorted to riskier high returning loans to reinstate profitability. In most cases, this worsened the situation. S and Ls ultimately had up to forty percent of its assets in real estate, 10% in direct investments and junk bonds and 30% in lending consumers. After excessive regulation, it got itself into problems by expanding finance and credit areas where there were no background, experience or expertise. What effect did government insurance of deposits for up to $100,000 have on depositors and banks? Does it seem fair to you that banks making risky, speculative investments paid the same deposit insurance premiums as those making safer, more conservative loans? Moreover, brokers and depositors exploited how to manipulate the 100000 dollars limit using brokered deposits. If one had 10 million for investments in banks, he would be insured to an optimum of 100000 dollars. Therefore, a broker would break the amount into a hundred investments if hundred thousand dollars each and will buy $100000 100 CDs with 100 banks. This limit would be 100000 dollars for each account and not each depositor. Consequently, very rich individuals get insured using the tax payers’ money. Riskier speculations in

Michael Jackson Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Michael Jackson - Term Paper Example The other four members of this group were his brothers, Sigmund ‘Jackie’, Toriano ‘Tito’, Jarmaine, and Marlon. They began playing at local bars and clubs in Indiana. They later moved to compete in bigger competitions. The Jackson five were discovered by the Vancouver and the Bobby Taylor in 1968 and got an audition for Berry Gordy. They later signed for Motown, hence moving to California. It was here that their first four singles made US number one hits. During this time, Jackson with Motown recoded four solo albums. The group stayed in Motown until 1976, when they needed more artistic freedom and decided to move on (Pratt 81). They dropped the name Jackson Five, since it was owned by Motown and adopted the name The Jacksons. At this time, they had a number of records and made six albums altogether between 1976 and 1984. Michael later teamed up with his producer for his first solo album. The album was titled Off The Wall, and was a tremendous success all ov er the world. It was the first album ever released that produced the four number-one singles in the United States. The world’s largest selling album was released by Michael in 1982. It was titled Thriller. It produced seven hit singles, once again breaking more previously established records (Pratt 81). It has been documented to have sold over fifty million copies across the world. Jackson was careful, as well as skillful, in using the music videos to promote his singles from the album. His success has, nevertheless, been attached to his directors and producers. They were the best, and made use of the latest technology coupled with choreography and fantastic dancing. The short film, Thriller, incorporated latest artists in the make-up technology to produce a video which lasted 14 minutes, with the beginning, the middle part and the end. This video was so successful that it became the world’s largest selling video. At the Motown 25-years anniversary show, Jackson perfor med his legendary moonwalk for the first time. It was this performance that set him into the realms of a superstar (George 98). Michael broke a record by winning 8 Grammy awards in a single night in the year of 1984. These awards were for his narrative for the ET Storybook and the Thriller album. On 9th December 1984, during his final performance of The Jackson’s Victory Tour, he declared that he was quitting the group and going solo. His third, and much awaited solo album titled Bad, was released in 1987. It was during this time that he launched his first solo world tour that was significantly record-breaking (Josh 1). He wrote his first autobiography, Moonwalk, where he talked for the first time about his career and childhood. Michael was soon to turn thirty when significant changes were observed in his outlook. He seemed to have undergone a facial surgery, which not only changed his facial features, but also his skin color and jaw line. This did not, however, affect his mu sic career. By the end of 1980s, Michael was commonly known as the Artist of The Decade. This was as a result of his success in the Thriller and Bad albums. Michael signed the biggest ever recording agreement with Sony Music in 1991. It was during that time that he released his fourth album Dangerous. Touring the world in 1992, he brought his performances to the countries that had never received a pop artist. Other than his success in the

LANGUAGE, PEDAGOGY AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY. Policy and practice in the Essay

LANGUAGE, PEDAGOGY AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY. Policy and practice in the education of bilingual children - Essay Example hildren through formulation of teaching strategies that are effective in the improvement of academic competency of bilingual students’ as well as analysis of the policies that support bilingual education. The observed school is located in Tower Hamlets in East London. The learning environment in the school is very approachable and welcoming. The observed year one classroom has 30 pupils aged five years with 10 bilingual learners from Mexico, Somalia, Poland, Bangladesh, Brazil and France, making for a widely diverse language and cultural environment. According to Ofsted, the performance of the school is good in terms of pupil achievement, behaviour, quality of teaching, quality of the curriculum pupil’s welfare, health and safety as well as leadership and management. The performance of bilingual pupils’ has improved steadily as they have achieved comprehension that is near that of mainstream children. To improve the performance, it is recommended that pupils be given work that challenges them and matches their level of ability (Ofsted, 2013). Cummins’ 1986 empowerment theory analysis the learning trends of bilingual students’ exploring how status relations and power difference, minority language instruction, interdependence hypothesis, community and school liaison and power and status relationships impacts the school performance of minority groups. Cummins (1986) influence on teaching strategies and policy of bilingual education is arguably very effective in focusing on the education of the bilingual students in a holistic view as opposed to Conteh’s (2009) framework, that extensively focuses on integration of parents and the community. Cummins’ framework enhances the design of intervention to ensure the potential of revising the underachievement of most bilingual pupils’ by encouraging community and parent’s participation as well as collaboration of teachers in pedagogy (Delgado-Gaitan, 1991). According to Cummins, the aim of empowerment is

NCLB in your School Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

NCLB in your School - Coursework Example Effectively, the Act requires the development of basic skills assessments, critical towards receiving federal education funding (CQ Press, 2005).This is in addition to continuously giving these assessments to all students at various select grade levels, with each state developing individual standards. The utility of Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) standardized examinations is viewed as a pertinent requirement of all states in the U.S. This is aimed at achieving the critical purpose of NCLB that entails having all American students achieve proficiency in mathematics and reading by the year 2014. Accordingly, as founded under pertinent legislation, individual states are tasked with the setting of their individual standards, which students in public schools need to achieve. Through measurement of such student progress, states are thereafter able to solicit for federal funding, based on achievement of set standards (CQ Press, 2005). The requirement that all schools need to publish scores attained for the public to view enables parents to decide on the best education avenues through which their children can progress through. In case of contexts where schools continuously fail to meet these standards, pertinent measures are taken towards improving the schooling system present. These include utility of summer schooling and tutoring programs, or overall system restructuring if need be (New America Foundation, 2014). The AYP standardized examinations are critical towards measurement of individual and student-group progress. According to New America Foundation (2014), this is in reference to proficiency in mathematics and reading, which is essential in qualifying students for advancement to higher levels of learning. Critically so, these examinations are unique to individual states, given that there exists no national achievement standards. The NCLB Act expands federal role-play in public education

CDA analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CDA analysis - Essay Example Thus, the selected element is a discourse, and its analysis has three dimension: as a text, sentence-by-sentence, and the words and phrases evaluation. Firstly, the text as a whole is close to the genre of political speech, since its content is mostly based on the speech made by Michelle Obama. In this context, it has her direct quotations both in the text and in the video. However, the content and the comments on the speech make this discourse resemble the slice of life genre with casual style of writing, which means that the Guardian presented the speech itself with its subjective reflection on it. On the frames, the exact concepts that unite text are two main identities – on the one hand, it discusses â€Å"ethnicity,† â€Å"black race,† and â€Å"African Americans† (it refers to both the speaker and to Tuskegee University students); on another hand, the family values appear in the text as â€Å"my husband’s chances,† â€Å"my girls,† and â€Å"kids and families.† Moreover, these two identities are in different position in terms of foregrounding and backgrounding, because i n the end of the text there appears the conclusion that â€Å"folks like you and me† (meaning the race) must believe in their potential (meaning realization in family life). On the cases of omission within the text, it does not mention any justification of first lady’s words with the facts from her biography; in other words, readers have nothing but to fall under emotional impression in what is given in the text. In addition, the voice of white public is neglected by this discourse, as the African American first lady speaks to the â€Å"mainly black graduates.† Although, the text includes horizontal intertextuality, as it has two direct quotations from other famous people on the same topic. Even though they have opposite opinions, the article does not reveal any support to them and provides only brief information on their

LANGUAGE, PEDAGOGY AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY. Policy and practice in the Essay

LANGUAGE, PEDAGOGY AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY. Policy and practice in the education of bilingual children - Essay Example hildren through formulation of teaching strategies that are effective in the improvement of academic competency of bilingual students’ as well as analysis of the policies that support bilingual education. The observed school is located in Tower Hamlets in East London. The learning environment in the school is very approachable and welcoming. The observed year one classroom has 30 pupils aged five years with 10 bilingual learners from Mexico, Somalia, Poland, Bangladesh, Brazil and France, making for a widely diverse language and cultural environment. According to Ofsted, the performance of the school is good in terms of pupil achievement, behaviour, quality of teaching, quality of the curriculum pupil’s welfare, health and safety as well as leadership and management. The performance of bilingual pupils’ has improved steadily as they have achieved comprehension that is near that of mainstream children. To improve the performance, it is recommended that pupils be given work that challenges them and matches their level of ability (Ofsted, 2013). Cummins’ 1986 empowerment theory analysis the learning trends of bilingual students’ exploring how status relations and power difference, minority language instruction, interdependence hypothesis, community and school liaison and power and status relationships impacts the school performance of minority groups. Cummins (1986) influence on teaching strategies and policy of bilingual education is arguably very effective in focusing on the education of the bilingual students in a holistic view as opposed to Conteh’s (2009) framework, that extensively focuses on integration of parents and the community. Cummins’ framework enhances the design of intervention to ensure the potential of revising the underachievement of most bilingual pupils’ by encouraging community and parent’s participation as well as collaboration of teachers in pedagogy (Delgado-Gaitan, 1991). According to Cummins, the aim of empowerment is

CDA analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CDA analysis - Essay Example Thus, the selected element is a discourse, and its analysis has three dimension: as a text, sentence-by-sentence, and the words and phrases evaluation. Firstly, the text as a whole is close to the genre of political speech, since its content is mostly based on the speech made by Michelle Obama. In this context, it has her direct quotations both in the text and in the video. However, the content and the comments on the speech make this discourse resemble the slice of life genre with casual style of writing, which means that the Guardian presented the speech itself with its subjective reflection on it. On the frames, the exact concepts that unite text are two main identities – on the one hand, it discusses â€Å"ethnicity,† â€Å"black race,† and â€Å"African Americans† (it refers to both the speaker and to Tuskegee University students); on another hand, the family values appear in the text as â€Å"my husband’s chances,† â€Å"my girls,† and â€Å"kids and families.† Moreover, these two identities are in different position in terms of foregrounding and backgrounding, because i n the end of the text there appears the conclusion that â€Å"folks like you and me† (meaning the race) must believe in their potential (meaning realization in family life). On the cases of omission within the text, it does not mention any justification of first lady’s words with the facts from her biography; in other words, readers have nothing but to fall under emotional impression in what is given in the text. In addition, the voice of white public is neglected by this discourse, as the African American first lady speaks to the â€Å"mainly black graduates.† Although, the text includes horizontal intertextuality, as it has two direct quotations from other famous people on the same topic. Even though they have opposite opinions, the article does not reveal any support to them and provides only brief information on their

Angel in the House Virgina Woolf Essay Example for Free

Angel in the House Virgina Woolf Essay Virginia Woolf was an English author. She was a feminist, publisher, essayist and critic. Woolf commonly acquired female authors Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte. Woolf analyses women and their struggles as artists, their position in literary history and need for independence in her works of literature. Woolf’s short story â€Å"Angel in the House† has a deeper meaning then just a female author sharing pointers and stories on how she succeeded in her career to another woman trying to become a successful professional. These personal encounters and struggles the author in the story discusses with the other women really expose how different women’s jobs were compared to men’s and recognizes that different approaches needed to be made by a woman in order to do well in her occupation. Women were not to be perceived more superior then men. The speaker of the story is clearly Virginia in Angel in the House. The fact that the woman in the story is a female author and continuously compares how being a professional woman is much harder than people consider it to be makes it obvious to the reader that Virginia is the speaker. She begins by sarcastically discusses how easy being a writer is and that she is unsure why someone recommended her to give advice on being successful because her job is so easy. The author says â€Å"to show how little I deserve to be a professional women how little I know of the struggles and difficulties of such lives, I have to admit instead of spending that sum upon bread, butter, shoes, stockings or butcher bills I went out and bought a cat†(Woolf 109). She starts off speaking about her profession in this manner because that was how men felt about being a professional author or critic or essayist. They believed that job was stress free. If this was an author who was a man though he would of never spoke down about his job like that, but it was strictly because it was a women doing it that they felt this way about the work. After talking down about being a professional writer, the author starts to tell the other women about inner struggles she has had to deal with in her profession. Inner struggles that men were not aware of. She speaks about a phantom that she named the Angel in the house. This phantom angel is referred to by the author as a she; she was pure, charming, sympathetic and selfless. This angel in the house made the author feel guilty for having her own opinion and personality. This phantom wanted every woman to have the same morals and characteristics as her. She was what a woman was supposed to act and think like especially in a society that men ruled. The narrator states she had to kill the angel in the house in order to become successful in her profession. This angel wanted to pluck the heart out of the authors writing, basically wanting it to be average and appropriate incase a man were to read it. Women who obeyed the angel and acted as she did were not living up to their fullest potential, allowing the men to outshine them. A woman does not discover herself until she kills that phantom, forgets what men expect and follow her own intuition no matter what.

Dhat Syndrome: Sexual Behaviour and Psychiatric Comorbidity

Dhat Syndrome: Sexual Behaviour and Psychiatric Comorbidity Original Research Article Title: Dhat syndrome and its association with sexual behavior and pyschiatric comorbidities in Indian males Sahu R.N, MD (Psychiatry), Head and Professor, Co- Authors: Sharma V K, MD, WHO Fellow (USA), Head and Professor, Department of Medicine Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Ashutosh Kumar, Lecturer, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Chintan Bavishi, Lecturer, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India Balaji More, Assistant Professor, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra Title: Dhat syndrome and its association with symptoms, sexual behavior and comorbidities in Indian male patients Abstract: The Context (Background): Dhat syndrome is often taken as culture bound syndrome of Indian subcontinent. There are many misconceptions which form base of symptoms and comorbidities. Aims: Dhat syndrome is reported on basis of self diagnosis. The study aims to study associated symptoms, sexual behavior and comorbidities in Indian population. Methods and Material: This cross-sectional and case-control study, was carried with help of trained local interviewers at Department of Psychiatry and Medicine, Gandhi Medical College (GMC), Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, India. Cases were compared to healthy matched controls. The study was conducted using clinical interview, physical examination and other necessary investigations like urine analysis and microscopy. Results: Of the 50 cases and control, each, age group was 21 to 25 years (48%) and education upto12th class (60%). 20% cases reported history of Masturbation. Extramarital or premarital sexual contact was found to have little significance on the syndrome. 76% of the patients met DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria for Anxiety and 56% patients met for Depression. 23 patients (46.3%) were having a co-morbid somatic complains like bodyache, weakness and fatigue. Erectile dysfunction by 34% Premature ejaculation by 8% was reported. In Urine routine analysis and microscope no oxalates or phosphates were noted. Conclusions: Dhat syndrome is more common among low educated young population. Laboratory evidence of any pathological cause was not found. Contrary to popular belief, it had no direct correlation with masturbation and pre and extra marital sexual contact. Key Words: Dhat Syndrome, Semen, Sexual behavior, Somatic symptoms, Erectile Dysfunction Introduction Dhat syndrome is a Culture bound syndrome.1 But it has been mentioned in medical history and reported by population worldwide. The culture has profound impact on the mental status of an individual. According to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) – 10 had classified Dhat syndrome had been classified in both neurotic disorder (F48.8) and into culture specific disorder caused by ‘undue concern about the debilitating effects of the passage of semen.’ The cases are always self reported and they often report a set of symptoms. These vague somatic symptoms are fatigue / bodily weakness, headache, depression3, anxiety, loss of appetite, palpitation / tachycardia, guilt, poor concentration, forgetfulness.2 Due to existing belief it is often associated as a result of masturbation and being sexually active outside marriage. The comorbidities include erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation and impotence. Patients reported semen loss in urine or involuntarily outside (spontaneously; while sleeping; during defecation; or while showering) of sexual relations.4 A typical profile of Dhat Syndrome patient either is a young man, unmarried or recently married, less educated, and the one who holds strong traditional beliefs.5 This category of disease involves mixed disorders of behavior, beliefs, and emotions which are of uncertain etiology and nosological status and which occur with particular frequency in certain cultures. The cultural belief and pattern associated with Dhat syndrome make it different from delusional disorder. 6, 7 Material and Methods: The study is a case-control cross sectional study, aimed to evaluate the symptoms, beliefs and comorbidities related to Dhat syndrome. The study and control group of 50 each was assessed. The study was conducted at Gandhi Medical College (GMC), Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, India. Study group of 50 subjects was selected who had Dhat syndrome without any other organic disorder at OPD of Psychiatry Department. The control group of 50 patients was shortlisted from the Medicine Department. They were not diagnosed for Dhat syndrome and were matched with the case group in most aspects. Both groups were interviewed based on a structured interview. Inclusion criteria: Case group: Complain of whitish discharge in the urine and associating it with symptoms and comorbidities Fulfilled DSM-IV TR criteria apart Consenting to clinical interview Control group: Inpatients who were not suffering from Dhat syndrome though they were suffering from other medical ailments Matched in other aspects with the case group Consenting to clinical interview Exclusion criteria: Presence of Genitourinary disorder Testicular tumor Varicocele Organic sexual dysfunction Pelvic inflammatory disease Endocrine disorders Spinal cord trauma Ethics: Institutional review board and ethical committee approval was taken from GMC, Bhopal, India. All periodic adverse event reports were reported to them and appropriate guidance was taken. All interviewers were careful about ethical and legal considerations. All identification information including names, initials and hospital numbers were avoided to keep the patient details in anonymity. Written information consent after the details of the project were fully explained was obtained from all participants. There were no minors involved and hence no paternal consent involved in this study. Statistics: The data was analyzed by using statistical tests of mean and standard deviation. (P>0.005) Results: Dhat syndrome is prevalent in younger age group. Anxiety is most prevalent followed by depression. They are related to sexual symptoms as ejaculatory dysfunction, premature ejaculation and impotence. (Fig. 1) Patients associated Dhat syndrome as a direct result of excessive indulgence in sexual activity or masturbation or to nocturnal emissions. (Fig. 2) Dhat syndrome was prevalent in class of lower education, below class 12. Routine biochemical and urine laboratory evaluation was conducted for all 100 participants.Other necessary investigations were carried out as per the requirement of the subjects to exclude organicity ( Sonography and Hormone Assay). None of the reports showed presence of oxalates or phosphates. A semen analysis founded out only 1 patient had azoospermia and 2 were having oligospermia. Figure 1: Co-morbid conditions associated with patients in study group and control group Figure 2: Sexual history of patients in study group and control group Discussion As a Culture bound syndrome, Dhat syndrome has been discussed for long time. Epidemiology and prevalence is noted in history of medicine all over the world.1, 8 The Dhat syndrome is not limited to Indian subcontinent. The origin of its name had a strong relationship with Indian culture, history and mythology.9, 10 Dhat Syndrome forms an important health problem and the magnitude is also very high. In view of this it needs a proper attention and sensitization amongst the healthcare providers for the proper treatment, counseling of these patients and referring them to related specialty. The patient presenting with Dhat syndrome is typically more likely to be recently married; of average or low socio-economic status (student, laborer or farmer by occupation), came from a rural area and belonged to a family with conservative attitudes towards sex.11 The exact pathophysiology of ‘Dhat syndrome’ is not known. The study demonstrated various other symptoms and morbidities being involved along with Dhat syndrome. The prevalence in relatively younger age group can be attributed to hormonal rush.12 Majority of these individuals visited self-claimed sex specialists and traditional faith healers. The contact with these health providers not only strengthen their misconception and false beliefs, but also compel the patients to pay huge cost of investigations and drugs which are not only non-effective but also hazardous. 5 Among other studies the relationship between marital status or sexual contact outside marriage and Dhat syndrome is not discussed. This study establish contrary to the popular belief that no such cause-effect relationship exists. Dhat syndrome was most common among illiterate patients and less educated patients. There is a need for patient education and sex education in the eradication of syndrome. 13, 14 The spread of disease in all age groups indicate towards the need of patient education about the disease in India. In many cases the syndrome is under diagnosed. In general, the deep-rooted misconceptions associated with anatomical and physiological aspects of sexuality are difficult to be correct with general counseling sessions. The further work in this field is required to know: Whether Dhat is a Culture bound syndrome only in India? What is the pathophysiology behind it? Is there any relationship of it with depression, anxiety or other mental health disorder? Whether there is any relationship between puberty and Dhat syndrome. Acknowledgement: We are thankful to all the interviewers who conducted data collection. References Sumathipala A, Siribaddana SH, Bhugra D. Culture-bound syndromes: the story of Dhat syndrome. Br J Psychiatry. 2004; 184: 200-9. Bhatia M.S, Jhanjee A, Kumar P. Culture bound syndromes- a cross-sectional study from India. European Psychiatry. 2011; 26:448 Dhikav V, Aggarwal N, Anand KS. Is Dhat syndrome, a culturally appropriate manifestation of depression? Med Hypotheses. 2007; 69 (3): 698. Mehta V, De A, Balachandran C. Dhat syndrome: a reappraisal. Indian J Dermatol. 2009; 54(1): 89-90. El Hamad I, Scarcella C, Pezzoli MC, Bergamaschi V, Castelli F; Migration Health Committee of the International Society of Travel Medicine. Forty meals for a drop of blood. J Travel Med. 2009; 16(1): 64-5. Behere PB, Natraj GS. Dhat syndrome: the phenomenology of a culture bound sex neurosis of the orient. Indian J Psychiatry. 1984; 26(1): 76-8. World Health Organization (1992) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Geneva: WHO. De Silva P, Dissanayake SAW. The use of semen syndrome in Sri Lanka: A clinical study. Sex Marital Ther. 1989; 4:195-204. Malhotra HK, Wig NN. Dhat syndrome: a culture-bound sex neurosis of the orient. Arch Sex Behav. 1975; 4(5): 519-28. Angst J, Gamma A, Gastpar M, et al. Depression Research in European Society Study. Gender differences in depression. Epidemiological findings from the European DEPRES I and II studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002; 252(5): 201-9. Singh G. Dhat syndrome revisited. April 1985;27(2):119-122 Carroll BJ. Adolescents with depression. JAMA. 2004 Dec 1;292(21):2578 Tiwari SC, Katiyar M, Sethi BB. Culture and mental disorders. An overview. J Social Psychiatry 1986; 2:403-25 Avasthi A, Jhirwal OP. The concept and epidemiology of Dhat syndrome. J Pak Psychiatry Soc. 2005; 2: 6–8.

The Ashley Treatment Essay -- Medical Research

Parents, no matter their profession, are eternally in the business of raising their children. From their earliest ages, kids are told who they can play with, what they can eat, where they can go, and even when they have to go to bed. But is there a point where parents go too far? In other words, is there a time when in raising a child, a parent interjects in a child’s life so much that those actions become detrimental to the child’s development? This is the physically moral dilemma that comes out of the Ashley Treatment. The procedure that has opened up society’s view on human development brings with it an incredible amount of controversy. Turning to a more theological approach, this procedure raises so many questions regarding the human condition. For instance, how do humans accommodate those with severe disabilities without stripping them of certain natural human rights that every individual is afforded? To take it to a more fundamental level, what ought we to do as humans to help people with disabilities, while at the same time making sure we are treating them as equal beings? Once questions like these can be addressed, the more pointed question can be reflected upon: is the Ashley Treatment ethical? When answering this, it is important to remember that all people deserve a voice in the goings on in the world, particularly when those issues pertain to themselves. Additionally ponder the fact that there are unique cases in which someone else may need to speak on behalf of an individual for that person to be heard. Such is the case for many with profound disabilities like Ashley. The Ashley Treatment is a pretty novel and groundbreaking procedure with incredible ethical discord. This treatment was devised by the doctors of ... ... over their child, in particular regards to profound disability and the â€Å"Ashley Treatment.† Liao, S., Julian Savulescu, and Mark Sheehan. â€Å"The Ashley Treatment: Best Interests, Convenience, and Parental Decision-Making.† Hastings Center Report. 37.2 (2012): 16- 20. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. This essay weighs the benefits and consequences of the â€Å"Ashley Treatment† procedure. It looks at how it was created, why it was used, and ethical justification to validate its use. Ryan, Christine. â€Å"Revisiting the Legal Standards that Govern Requests to Sterilize Profoundly Incompetent Children: In Light of the Ashley Treatment, Is a New Standard Appropriate.† Fordham Law Review. 77.1 (2008): 287-325. Print. This article talks about the controversial â€Å"Ashley Treatment† from a legal and ethical standpoint. It uses the court decisions on this matter to create the author’s argument.

Legalized Killing Should Be Abolished Essay -- Capital Punishment

Capital punishment is the punishment by death for a crime. It is also called the death penalty. It is the only form of killing that is legalized. It may be carried out by electrocution, hanging, lethal injection, gas chamber, and firing squad. The death penalty has been banished in over one hundred and thirty countries. Capital punishment has been abolished in every industrialized nation except for the United States of America. In the United States, capital punishment has been an extremely controversial issue that divides the country and leads to disharmony. The death penalty abolition movement is growing, and some progress is being made, but there is a lot of work yet to be done. There are various organizations using different avenues to abolish the death penalty. They have been successful in New Mexico, Illinois, New Jersey and New York. These are organizations like Amnesty International, The National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NCADP), and The People of Faith against the Death Penalty (PFADP). Amnesty international is an eloquent and a well-known organization that is in different parts of the world. Amnesty International is one of the largest and best-known international nongovernmental organizations that are dedicated to human rights. It is a non-profit organization that was established in 1961. Amnesty means a general pardon for offenses or an act of forgiveness for past offenses. They serve several purposes on the bringing about of equality, peace and social justice. However, one of their main goals is to abolish the death penalty. They have been quite successful in many countries and some states in the United States. Amnesty International stands out, because it has good governmental contacts all around the wor... ... 2012. . Draper, Thomas. Capital Punishment. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1985. Print. Gottfried, Ted. The Death Penalty: Justice or Legalized Murder? Brookfield, CT: Twenty-First Century, 2002. Print. Illustrated Oxford Dictionary. London [etc.: Dorling Kindersley, 2003. Print. Kennedy Cuomo. â€Å"Abolish Capital Punishment† in Blot, David (Ed.) Supplementary Readings on Peace and Nonviolence. Bronx, New York: self-Published, 2008. Kronenwetter, Michael. Capital Punishment: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2001. Print. McCarthy, Colman. "The World's Only True False Quiz on Legalized Killing." The Center for Teaching Peace. Newsletter, 2011. Weisberg, Roger and Vanessa Roth. â€Å"No Tomorrow (DVD).† Docuramafilms. A Production of Public Policy Productions, 2010.

Child Poverty As A Barrier To Participation Education Essay

Child poorness has been identified as a major barrier to engagement in the United Kingdom. Poverty can be said to be a deficiency of basic human demands like H2O, nutrient, vesture, shelter and instruction due to the inability to afford these basic demands. A kid is deemed to be populating in poorness if the resources available to the kid are so unequal as to prevent such a kid from holding a criterion of life that is regarded to be acceptable by the society. ‘Child poorness is a important deficiency of the basic needs that kids need for healthy physical, mental, religious and emotional development. Child poorness is besides defined as a deficiency of chances ( capableness want ) , a deficiency of control over one ‘s life, and involves societal isolation and prejudiced intervention at the custodies of others ‘ . ( Gordon, D, Adelman, L, Ashworth, K, Bradshaw, J, Levitas, R, Middleton, S, Pantazis, C, Patsios, D, Payne, S, Townsend, P & A ; Williams, J. , 2000 ) . Childs are populating in poorness if the stuff and non-material resources available to them are so unequal that they are denied a criterion of life which is regarded as acceptable by a society. One manner by which poorness limits the engagement of kids in the United Kingdom is societal exclusion. Social exclusion has been described as a state of affairs where there is insufficiency in the operation of the societal subsystems. ‘This includes exclusion from the societal system, a public assistance province whose failure leads to impoverishment, household and community systems that lead to exclusion from societal dealingss, and the power distribution system. ‘ ( Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, 2000 ) It is of import to observe the non-monetary facet of poorness and want, as this will enable us to acquire a better apprehension of the effects of economic adversity and how low income relates to miss of resources. ‘There are less quantifiable facets of poorness, such as non being able to see friends and relations. ‘ ( Pantazis and Ruspini, 2006 ) . Harmonizing to UNICEF, ‘Children life in poorness are deprived of nutrition, H2O and sanitation installations, entree to basic health-care services, shelter, instruction, engagement and protection. While a terrible deficiency of goods and services hurts every human being, it is most baleful and harmful to kids, go forthing them unable to bask their rights, to make their full potency and to take part as full members of the society ‘ ( UNICEF, 1998 ) Traveling by official statistics, kid poorness tendencies in the United Kingdom are non really encouraging. After a period of betterment in the sixtiess, kid poorness in the United Kingdom has worsened over the last three decennaries. Child poorness rates in the universe ‘s wealthiest states vary from under 3 % to over 25 % . ‘In the conference tabular array of comparative kid poorness, the bottom four topographic points are occupied by the United Kingdom, Italy, the United States, and Mexico. ‘ ( McGuigan, Claire, 2003 ) Anti discriminatory pattern and policy Although child poorness can originate from unfairness and misdemeanor of rights, it can besides in itself, be a cause of unfairness and strip the kids from being able to claim their rights. When a kid lacks the resources or is unable to claim his or her rights, this can in itself be seen to be an unfairness. Pulling upon theory, Child poorness is non merely a map of low income, but besides depends on entree to services. ‘Child poorness includes a deficiency of income and productive resources to guarantee sustainable supports ; hungriness and malnutrition ; sick wellness ; limited or deficiency of entree to instruction and other basic services ; increased morbidity and mortality from unwellness ; homelessness and unequal lodging ; insecure environments and societal favoritism and exclusion. It is besides characterized by deficiency of engagement in determination devising and in civil, societal and cultural life. ‘ ( Howarth, C, Kenway, P, Palmer, G & A ; Miorelli, R. , 1999 ) Legislation After coming into power, the Labor authorities announced that it was committed to eliminating child poorness by the twelvemonth 2020, and the Prime Minister announced the debut of Child Poverty statute law in September 2008. The authorities went in front to put out interim marks which included a decrease of kid poorness by 50 per centum before 2010. Ireland besides set an extra end of extinguishing terrible kid poorness by the twelvemonth 2012. Estimates revealed that about 43,000 kids were populating in terrible poorness across the United Kingdom. ( Howarth, C, Kenway, P, Palmer, G & A ; Miorelli, R. , 1999 ) . The interim mark of cut downing child poorness by 50 per centum before 2010 has likely non been met. The Child Poverty Act 2010 was besides passed on the 26th of March 2010. The Child Poverty Act is a United Kingdom piece of statute law which requires England, Scotland and Northern Ireland to set in topographic point schemes that describe the activities to be undertaken to undertake child poorness. Despite the statute law and policy enterprises of the authorities aimed at child poorness decrease, there is n't much grounds that any sustainable advancement has been made in the country of child poorness riddance in the United Kingdom. ‘This led to a renewed authorities thrust for degeneration, as expressed in the Home Office-led Together We Can initiative to acquire sections working together across boundaries to accomplish greater community engagement. ‘ ( Howarth, C, Kenway, P, Palmer, G & A ; Miorelli, R. , 1999 ) Valuess Basically, child poorness leads to a state of affairs in which kids are denied picks and chances and their human self-respect is violated. Child poorness consequences in a deficiency of a basic capacity to take part efficaciously in society. Poor kids are besides more susceptible to force, and are frequently forced to populate in fringy or delicate environments without entree to basic comfortss. Children life in poorness suffer disproportionately as a consequence of hungriness, famishment and disease, and have lower life anticipation ( Ruspini E. , 2000 ) . The universe wellness organisation has noted that ‘malnutrition and hungriness are the most serious menaces to the universe ‘s public wellness, with malnutrition being the biggest subscriber in child mortality, as it is present in approximately 50 per centum of all instances. ‘ ( Hodgkin, Rachel and Peter Newell, 2002 ) Harmonizing to Peter Townsend, ‘Poverty may besides be understood as an facet of unequal societal position and unjust societal relationships, experienced as societal exclusion, dependence, and diminished capacity to take part, or to develop meaningful connexions with other people in society. Unless there is monolithic investing in kids we will head for economic calamity. ‘ ( Townsend, P. , 1995 p.11 ) Attitudes Proper health care is widely unavailable to hapless kids. ‘Each twelvemonth, every bit many as 11 million kids populating in poorness dice before making the age of 5. ‘ ( Baro, Daniela, 2002 ) Recent surveies suggest that there is a high hazard of instruction under accomplishment for kids born into poorness as these kids are likely to non even finish their secondary instruction. Engagement is a basic right, non a privilege. Every kid has the right to take part in affairs that concern him or her. ‘Every kid has the right to entree relevant information, show his or her positions, be involved in determinations impacting him or her, and signifier or articulation associations. Child engagement is non about a few kids stand foring other kids at a few particular child engagement events. Childs have the right to take part in the household, in school, kid public assistance places, orphanhoods, media, in community, and at national and international degrees. ‘ ( Holmstr ‘m, Leif. , 2000 ) It is hence of kernel that the Government Acts of the Apostless rapidly in order to protect the rights of kids in the United Kingdom so as to forestall a state of affairs in which kids in poorness have to endure the womb-to-tomb disadvantages of childhood poorness.