Puberty Rites in Ghana

Puberty Rites After the child naming ceremony, puberty rites are the next set of rituals of social status transformation which children undergo in Ghanaian culture. The most well preserved puberty rites are the Dipo (pictured) of the Krobo ethnic group and the Bragoro of the Ashanti's. These ceremonies mark the entry of young women into adulthood. In Ghana only a small section of ethnic groups usually found in the northern parts of the country have initiation rites for men and where they occur they are done in secret and not given as much prominence as that for young women. In the Akan culture women represent the beauty, purity and dignity of the society and are guarded against corruption by our traditional laws and regulations. The most lasting impressions about life and the character of children are built during their early and formative years, which they spend mostly with their mothers. So the Akans believe that they need properly trained mothers with good morals to bring up good children. It is therefore little wonder that the initiation of women into adulthood is given more prominence in the Akan society than that of men. Under the supervision of the queen mother of the town or village in collaboration with some female opinion leaders, young women who have had their first menstruation are secluded from the community for a period between two and three weeks during which they are taught the secrets of womanhood. During this period of seclusion the girls are given lessons in sex education and birth control. They are also taught how to relate to men properly so that they can maintain a good marriage and their dignity in society. After the period of seclusion, a durbar is held which is attended by the chief and almost everybody in the community. The newly initiated women are dressed scantily with very beautiful African beads and cosmetics showing off their vital statistics. Young men of marriageable age troupe there to feast their eyes on the young women and to select their prospective wives. Amidst drumming and dancing the rituals are carried out with the spirit of Oynankopong Kwame, Asase Yaa and the departed ancestors invoked to bless the participants and ensure their protection, blessing and fertility during their period of motherhood. According to traditional law no woman is allowed to get married without haven gone through the puberty rites and every young woman must remain a virgin prior to this. These laws ensure that young women grow up disciplined enough to control their sexuality and to prevent them from premature motherhood and unwanted babies. So important are these laws that any woman who gets pregnant or breaks her virginity before the rites are performed is sometimes ostracized together with the man responsible for it. On top of that, a heavy fine is imposed on the guilty party after which purification rites are performed to rid the society of the negative repercussions of their actions.

Pros and Cons of exercising Essay

Question 3: Do you agree that exercising is the only way to keep fit and healthy? When it comes to the the phrase ‘a healthy lifestyle’, many people often think of the gym as the only way to keep your body in shape. It seems difficult for them to achieve, and is often seen very negatively. However, exercising is not the only way. In fact, there are many ways to keep fit and healthy, such as having a regular diet, having enough rest, and keeping a positive mindset. Having a regular diet is one of the simplest yet hardest way to keep fit. It requires one to adjust the way they eat, and be cautious of their food intake. However, it may not seem as difficult as it may seem to be. For example, fish and chips seems very unhealthy, but there are ways to make it healthier. Baking it instead of deep-frying it, and just adding a few vegetables to go along with your meal would be an easy way to â€Å"neutralize† your unhealthy food. Make a few simple changes to your diet, and you would soon feel much healthier. To make sure your body has abundant energy to do your daily activities, having enough rest is very important. While you rest, your brain stays busy, and prepares you for the next day. Minimal deprivation of sleep takes a toll on your mood, energy, and ability to handle stress. Adults should sleep betweeen 6-7 hours each day. However, if one is not getting average sleep time, it is best to catch up on weekends where there is no work. Sleep should not be deprived of as it can affect your mental state, energy level and ability to focus. Lastly, having a postitive mindset can help boost one’s morale or motivation spirit. When one is postive about his or her life, he or she would be able to solve obstacles they face with ease as they are able to find ways to solve their problems rather than just dwelling over it. This helps keep both the mind and brain healthy. Rather than thinking that life is unfair, one should appreciate the many things that one has.

Research a Healthcare Facility along with a Information System (IS) Paper

A Healthcare Facility along with a Information System (IS) used at this facility - Research Paper Example In other words, the facility serves a population of close to 1.5 million per year. The number of licensed beds as of 2006 is 2,700: patient care as of 2006 was as follows; the annual inpatient admissions were 145,000, annual inpatient days were 733,000, annual outpatient visits was 1,050,000 and the annual home health visits was 233,000 (MedStar, 2007). Programs and services offered by MedStar Health include adult day services, after hours care, cancer services, cardiac services, clinical trials and research, diabetes and endocrinology, executive health services, home care, international services, MedStar Partners Business Diversity Program, MedStar pharmacy, MedStar sportshealth, mental health services, nursing home, orthopedics, outpatient services, RadAmerica – Radiation therapy, rehabilitation, retirement residence, and women’s services (MedStar Health, 2011). The users of health information in MedStar constitute physicians, ancillary staff, IT professions, and pharmacists. The health information revolves around these individuals. In order to meet the requirements of MedStar Health professionals and also reduce the resources and costs needed to run an international healthcare organization, the health facility adopted a hospital information system called Microsoft Amalga (also known as Azyxxi) (Microsoft Corporation, 2008). MedStar has a network of hospitals and other healthcare services; in order to have a glimpse of how users access health information, Washington Hospital Center will be used. MedStar Health is on the move of adopting Electronic Medical Records (EMR) or Electronic Health Records (EHR). Currently, Washington Hospital Center is using both paper records and electronic records. A big challenge to the implementation is the inability to share information with other electronic records systems (Washington

How Can Lufthansa Airlines Improve Their Customer Satisfaction in Essay

How Can Lufthansa Airlines Improve Their Customer Satisfaction in Comparison with Singapore Airlines - Essay Example The aim of this research is to ascertain the factors that have an influence on customer satisfaction. The study focuses on the procedure based on which Lufthansa Airlines can improve customer satisfaction as compared to Singapore Airlines in terms of greater sustainability. In this respect, the research emphasizes identifying the reasons that are accountable for customer dissatisfaction based on the study of annual reports of the respective companies and other relevant theories. Service quality is one of the vital factors based on which the airline industry is able to conduct operations in a sustainable manner. The major challenge faced by the airline industry is to provide excellent service and value to its passengers. The quality of service provided by the business should be in accordance with the demand of the customers with the intention of ensuring utmost satisfaction of customers. Rapid development in the airline industry and the increase in competition in both developed as wel l as developing economies have made it essential for airline companies to evaluate the services provided by them. Major problems faced by the airline industries are regarding managing the fluctuating demands because of the introduction of various low-cost airlines providing similar kind of services. Other challenges are maintaining the superior quality of service in order to maintain customer loyalty. According to the annual review of IATA in the year 2014, it has been identified that the airline industry has been performing operations in an effective manner. In 2013, it has been estimated that passengers and cargo of around 3.3 billion and ‘50 million metric tons’ respectively have been transported efficiently. In addition, the industry has been successful in improving the global GDP condition. The industry is also identified to be serving over 50,000 routes.

For or against animal testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

For or against animal testing - Essay Example orkshop and gave conclusions on ethical recommendations on animal experimentation and clinical studies, whereas, much as the participants would want to see the use of animals in researched phased out, it still remains as a long term goal (European Forum for Good Clinical Practice). If the practice is to stop now without alternatives in place, it would have a damaging effect on the research and development of new medicines that may save a lot of people. The fact remains that people still want safe medicines. The workshop has provided an avenue for different perspectives to be discussed. Key actors from different stand points were given an opportunity to share their opinions. A member from the European Parliament, representatives from the pharmaceutical industry, the animal protection group, the ethics committee and patients, all came to a common ground central to the ethical principles of doing no harm to the human participants and avoiding animal testing whenever possible. However, it is in this point in time that this practice cannot be avoided if we are to continue our quest for cures and better treatments. It is then the responsibility of all to make sure that certain conditions are met like avoidance of unnecessary animal testing and to make sure that alternatives to animal use are being sought (European Forum for Good Clinical Practice). It is not to say that those who are agree to animal testing, would like to see the animals suffer or be treated inhumanely. These people are just addressing a present reality that mankind for its survival, need science research to progress and that alternative to animal testing are not at the moment present. The challenge therefore, is to ensure that researchers adhere to the applicable laws, regulations and policies governing animal testing including the Animal Welfare Act and Public Health Policy for Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Further to this, the US Food and Drug Authority advocates that research

Nursing Health History Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing Health History - Case Study Example Two months later, Dorothy noticed that the wound is becoming bigger and worse and has moved up to the lower portion of the leg. The persistence of this wound prompted the patient to consult the emergency department of the hospital. Dorothy does not smoke, but claims to drink a few glasses of wine on occasion. She leads a sedentary lifestyle, performing minimal household chores. Tending to her garden every morning is the most exercise that she does. There is history of Diabetes Mellitus on the maternal side of the patient, while on the paternal side, there is history of hypertension. Despite this knowledge, Dorothy still liked eating cakes and pastries. There is no history of asthma. In 1971, she published her nursing concepts of practice known as the Self Care theory (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Snyder, 2004). She sought to answer the questions "what is nursing" and "when do people need nursing care", from which she concluded that people need nursing when they are unable to care for themselves (Delaune & Ladner, 2006). Orem's Self Care theory revolves around four concepts: (1) self care; (2) self care agency (which consists of two agents: the self care agent and a dependent care agent); (3) self care requisites; and (4) therapeutic self care demand (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Sydney, 2004). ... self care; (2) self care agency (which consists of two agents: the self care agent and a dependent care agent); (3) self care requisites; and (4) therapeutic self care demand (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Sydney, 2004). Self care pertains to the activities an individual practices independently throughout the course of life to promote and maintain health and wellness, while self care agency refers to the individual's ability to carry out these activities (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Sydney, 2004). The self care agent is the independent individual who cares for himself, while the dependent care agent is another person who provides the care. Examples of a self care agent and a dependent care agent are adults and children respectively (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Snyder, 2004). Lastly, therapeutic self care demand pertains to every activity done by an individual to fulfill self care demands, which stems from the need to be responsible (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Sydney, 2004). In short, it refers to actions taken to maintain health and wellness. Self Care Deficit Model courtesy of www.nursing.uiowa.edu Self care is performed by oneself for oneself. It is a gradually learned and deliberate behavior for the purpose of bringing about a condition of well-being (Delaune & Ladner, 2006). It is an individual's right and at the same time a personal responsibility. It may be effective or ineffective, and therapeutic and non-therapeutic (University of Iowa, n.d.). According to this theory, it is the self care deficit that presents the need for nursing care, not the medical condition (Delaune & Ladner, 2006). Self care deficit is subdivided into three categories: universal self care requisites, developmental self care requisites, and health deviation self care requisite

Necessary Leadership Alberto Fujimori Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Necessary Leadership Alberto Fujimori - Essay Example When Alberto Fujimori was elected President of Peru in 1990, the country was suffering from massive external debt which could not be paid, uncontrolled hyperinflation, non-existent international reserves, and food shortages (The World Bank, 1997). Basic government services like education, health, and basic infrastructure had been neglected and were eroding away. The government was perceived as weak, and two terrorists groups, Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) and the MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru), were competing for control of the country. Both of these groups had formed alliances with Peruvian drug dealers. Violence and intimidation were common, and law-biding Peruvians were very afraid of what the future might hold for their country and their lives. As one commentator noted, "The intense violence of the 1980s created a content in which many Peruvians were willing to cede citizenship and other rights to an extremely personalistic, authoritarian regime in exchange for or der and stability" (Jo-Marie, 2006 p32). Alberto Fujimori was the "extremely personalistic" and politically unknown candidate that was elected president in 1990. After his election, Fujimori vigorously attacked Peru's economic and crime problems. Even Fujimori's critics conceded that Fujimori's policies brought Peru's hyperinflation under control and got the nation's legal economy moving again (Jo-Marie, 2006).Critics also admit that it was under Fujimori that the leaders of Shining Path and MRTA were captured and the guerilla warfare that had characterized terrorist activity in Peru was virtually eliminated (Jo-Marie, 2006). At the same time, the Fujimori administration increased spending on social programs, built schools, repaired or created new infrastructure, and provided funds for community-based economic development (Jo-Marie, 2006). These were all necessary steps in correcting Peru's economic problems and making it safe from terrorists.Fujimori's actions, however, were severely criticized as an abuse of power by his political opponents and by those who saw his policies as violations of human rights. After being reelected to a third term in 2000 under questionable circumstances, Fujimori went into exile in Japan and eventually resigned as President (Peru's Fujimori Resigns, 2000). Since his resignation, additional charges of corruption, death squads, and other abuses of power have surfaced, leading the current Peruvian government to call for Fujimori's extradition from Japan so he may be tried on criminal charges in Peru (Judge Blocks Fujimori Extradition , 2007). AnalysisLeadership in Challenging Times Any reasonably competent elected official can lead during times of peace and economic prosperity, when the only real duty of government is simply not to do anything that would interfere with economic growth or destabilize the peace. Effective leaders can make the most of these opportunities; ineffective leaders allow circumstances to erode and lose the gains that were made during prosperous times. As noted above, Fujimori came into power at a time when Peru was enjoying neither peace nor economic success. Data from public opinion polls

Research Methods in the Social Sciences Assignment - 2

Research Methods in the Social Sciences - Assignment Example The organization first gives the eligibility information. If eligible, one is required to submit an electronic proposal or download the required forms through the website address given (NCEE, nd). After submission of the proposals, the organization evaluates each eligible proposal. They are ranked by reviewers and submitted to the EPA Approving Official. Selected candidates are given instructions concerning submission of the final grant application. The proposals are ranked based on scores. The highest ranked applicant is selected for the award of the grant. The applicants may also be required to modify their work before giving final funding recommendations. They are notified about the evaluation decisions and possibilities of getting the grant via e-mail. Those recommended are required to give additional certifications and a revised project abstract in electronic form. Official announcement of the award is given by the Agency’s Grants and Interagency Agreement Management Division. The announcement is finally posted in the organization’s website. The deadline for submission of the proposal by the applicant is given. The date for award of the grant is also given. There are no opportunities at present

Poetry & art Essay Example for Free

Poetry art Essay Poetry is a form of art. Though I want to be an Economics Major in the University of Penn, I am a young aficionado of poetry and prose at heart. I would love to develop my skills through a disciplined and distinguished writing program and Penn’s School of Arts and Sciences offers to cater my aspirations. Believing that one must be a great reader before becoming a great writer, I indulge into books of every genre to harvest more knowledge. Literature brings out in me an overwhelming joy and I wish to carry my fondness for reading and writing into my college majors. The uniqueness cultivated by Penn’s English Department is perceptible by the de facto of education, wherein the emphasis is on creative writing. Through this facet of the University, I want to channel my passion for poetry into academia. As a Founder and President of our school’s Poetry Club, if accepted, I plan to visit the Kelly Writers House religiously, and satisfy my perpetual craving for literature. I can picture myself grabbing a turkey-and-cheese sandwich, without mayonnaise, at the 1920 Commons, and rushing off to the Kelly Writers House, carrying an armful of books by Maya Angelou and Eric Schlosser. Gathered in a close circle of chairs, my fellow literature lovers and I share professional works, with our own daring lines of free verses, swap suggestions, compliments, and light-hearted laughs. During these workshops, my very soul seeps steadily through an invisible tube from brain to ballpoint, the not-so-simple phenomenon of input-output fabricating ink on paper, a painting made of letters. On my way to a morning class on modern American poetry, I pass Oldenberg’s famed Split Button and acknowledge Mr. Franklin, sitting upright in his chair. After the lecture, Professor Josephine Park and I conduct research by analyzing the influence of conflicts between America and East-Asia. Being in the Penn family, I converse with colleagues, sisters and brothers that destiny lacked to give. I tutor secondary school students about reading and writing through the outreach program. Having been featured in a myriad of written works and publishing my own collections, I roll up my sleeves and organize literary pieces in the weekly undergraduate magazine, First Call. As the evening sinks, I bike to the Van Pelt Library, sit cross-legged in my favorite armchair and finalize the touches on a Second World War paper. Traveling to the other parts of the City of Brotherly Love, I gather up with study group friends for our fine dinner. When I reach home, my roommate chatters about the highlights of her day. I then read an article from The Daily Pennsylvanian. Turning off the lights and setting my alarm clock for 6:00 am, I drape my jogging shorts and shirt on a chair for the morning. Before drifting off to sleep, I reminisce those final months when I submitted my application to Penn and smile in the quietness of my room, happy to be here at last.

The Guardian but left out of the Mirror Essay Example for Free

The Guardian but left out of the Mirror Essay The Guardian has really included as much information as it can on this story. The content is detailed and more involved than that which is in the Mirror, so that the reader gets a clearer and broader view of what is going on. There is now a debate over whether it [a draft of the weapons report] should be released to the Congress over the next fortnight, as has been widely expected, is an example of a fact which has been included in the Guardian but left out of the Mirror. If all you need to know is that the government have failed to find any weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, then you only need to read the Mirror which outlines all the major aspects of the story in an accessible manner. But if you are very interested or involved with the matter of the war in Iraq, then the Guardian is more informative. Both reports are generally geared towards a disapproving or mocking feeling towards the British and American governments because of the claims that they have made and not been able to back up. The Mirror is less strong about this, but they both imply that Tony Blair has been given a run for his money over the question of whether we went to war with Iraq on false assumptions, which it now appears the government were just using as an excuse to back up their actions. The Guardian uses a quote from David Albright, a former UN weapons inspector Its clear that the US and British governments wildly exaggerated the case for going to war Im not surprised, given how incompetent this search has been. Theyve had bad relations with the [Iraqi] scientists from the start because they treated them all as criminals. Because the article in the Mirror is shorter and contains less information, there are fewer quotes or facts which make the report seem biased. The political opinion of the paper is less obvious in the text. Apart from the WMD-Ometer joke, which is lightly fun-poking rather than politically expressive, the article is only mildly opinionated and generally just gives the reader the necessary facts. It would appear that the reporter was writing for a paper which did not have a very strong political view on the matter and did not want to force an opinion onto its readers either, expect for the inevitable general feeling of disappointment and irony. The Mirror does not expect its readers to formulate political and philosophical arguments and opinions by reading the article. They want to give the reader basic facts and concentrate more on the emotional and funny side of things. Political bias in the Guardian is present but subtle, so that it does not appear to be brainwashing its audience but merely informing them from a certain angle. It is now very easy to see how different newspapers handle their stories differently according to the readership at which they are aiming. While some people want to be able to pick up a cheap, attention grabbing newspaper for an easy read, lots of light human interest stories and minimal heavy news, some people prefer a paper which goes into more detail about the more controversial issues in the news and doesnt bother with gossipy, irrelevant stories. Of course it also depends on your mood, and when and where you are going to be reading the paper. People usually prefer to have broadsheet papers like the Guardian delivered to them or to buy it from a local shop, so that they can sit and read it at home over a meal or when they have nothing else to do. Smaller more accessible newspapers like the Mirror are more suitable for reading on the move or early in the morning on the way to work or school while you are really not in a mood for mind-consuming activities such as reading a difficult and in-depth article. The Metro, a free tabloid paper available every morning from any London Underground station, is a perfect example of this. It is mass produced every day and issued out for free, so it is made sure that the Metro is readable for absolutely anyone who is travelling on the Underground and has nothing else to read. It is also provided as a way to occupy the travellers so that they dont have to look at each other, as social harmony on the Tube is not exactly very comfortable. The Guardian is more expensive so you would only really buy it if you were intending to read all or most of it, whereas with the cheaper tabloid papers you can flick through them as a way of occupying yourself when you have nothing better to do, and you want quick impact for less time, money and concentration. Information in the larger, more expensive papers is more thorough, but slowly assimilated. Tabloids tend to contain more supposition and exaggeration to make the story seem more extreme and therefore more exciting for the reader. Language is fairly simple but expressive verbs are used to make the events seem more real. Usually tabloids focus more on the human element of their stories, in order to draw emotions from the reader and keep them interested. Although the language used and the structure and presentation of broadsheet newspapers seems to be aimed at more intelligent people and vice versa, it probably isnt entirely fair or accurate to say that more intelligent people read the Guardian and stupid, dumb people read the Mirror. Obviously this is true in a lot of cases, but the two papers are written for different purposes and occasions, and not necessarily just for different types of people. You will find that a lot of very intelligent people read tabloids for convenience and enjoyment, and similarly some less intelligent people who do not especially enjoy reading will read a broadsheet if there is an issue going on which they are particularly concerned with and want to follow in more depth. Also, although (we trust that) facts in newspapers are accurate, and quotations and statistics are genuine the ways in which they are dealt with depend very much on the newspapers own viewpoint. Especially with broadsheet papers, each one tends to support a certain political party, and the angles that they take on their stories are biased towards this. Papers cannot be objective, even if they try to be, because all the articles are written and put together by people, who have their own feelings and opinions about whatever they are writing about. People who buy newspapers regularly get into the habit of reading the one whose attitude is most similar to their own. This is why there is sometimes jokey controversy between readers of differently opinionated newspapers, and papers are stereotyped according to which political party they are biased towards. There are many different ways in which the media can convey news and entertainment to the public, and you can see this very clearly in the different types of newspapers and news articles that people write. Just like any other piece of writing, newspapers are not just written to inform; but to persuade, to entertain, to advertise, to advise, and, in varying degrees of subtlety, to instruct. It is very important to be able to consider carefully the type of newspaper you are reading from and be aware of how it is aiming to affect its readers.

Effect of Caffeine and Nicotine on the Body and Mind

Effect of Caffeine and Nicotine on the Body and Mind Stacey Campbell Abstract Caffeine and nicotine are products that we are very familiar with. Both are used throughout the world and have been for hundreds if not thousands of years. They are not illegal but they are technically considered to be drugs. They affect the brain in many of the same ways that other drugs that are addictive do. Caffeine and nicotine both affect the body as well. Both substances have been shown to have some measure of benefit but they can both cause health concerns. With repeated use the body can develop a tolerance to them which can lead to abuse, dependency and addiction. Keywords: Caffeine, Nicotine, Addiction, Abuse, Dependency, Health, Body, Brain Caffeine and Nicotine – What They Do To the Body and Mind It is probably safe to assume that most people don’t equate drinking an energy drink loaded with caffeine, not being able to really start their day before their daily appointment with their first cup of coffee or using tobacco products throughout the day with drug use. Caffeine and nicotine are however, â€Å"the most widely used recreational drugs† (Julien, Advokat Comaty, 2011). When examining the reasons that caffeine and nicotine are used by so many people we find that they are both available in a wide variety of products, are affordable and are legal to purchase provided you meet age requirements for purchasing tobacco products. They also have psychostimulant properties that users find pleasurable or rewarding. Using too much of either drug can result in habitual use or dependency. This paper will focus on the ways that caffeine and nicotine use affects the body and the mind. The main reason that I chose to research this topic is that prior to this class I never really thought of caffeine or nicotine as drugs. I knew that people could crave them, experience symptoms of withdrawal if they stopped using them, and that both can have adverse side effects and cause health problems but despite having that knowledge I didn’t think of them like I would cocaine or heroin. This could be simply because I am so familiar with both. I don’t use tobacco products but my parents smoked while I was growing up. People I work with run for their smoke breaks every day. The first thing I do when I get to work is fill up my coffee mug and I look forward to a Diet Mountain Dew when the afternoon starts dragging. Being exposed to tobacco use all my life I have always hated it so I pretty much viewed it as a very harmful, nasty habit. I admittedly have a major crush on, if not a slight addiction to caffeine. I guess I just thought of caffeine as a less than ideal cho ice but because I enjoy the natural sources it is found in I continue to choose to consume them. It will be interesting for me to research the ways that the body and mind are affected by using caffeine and nicotine when looking at them from a different perspective than usual. Caffeine Caffeine can be found in numerous foods and beverages that are included in the typical standard American diet. Among other sources we can find it in our morning cup of coffee, a chocolate bar from the vending machine or a glass of tea with dinner. If we are feeling really tired or need to stay awake to make sure we meet a deadline and we don’t think the coffee is going to cut it we can run to the local drug store and find a few medications that contain caffeine, herbal supplements if we prefer something a little more natural or even energy drinks with very high levels of caffeine if we need an intense surge of caffeine to enhance athletic performance or need to be very alert (Julien et al, 2011). Caffeine gets a bad rap sometimes. While the negative attention isn’t completely unwarranted, author Jessica Girdwain suggests that caffeine may be, â€Å"the world’s best drug† (Girdwain, 2013). She supports her theory by sharing some of the benefits of caffeine. She says that consuming moderate amounts of caffeine can sharpen your mind and improve your cognitive skills by stimulating parts of the brain that are in charge of cognitive thinking, pleasure and alertness. She also claims it can boost a sluggish metabolism by stimulating the central nervous system. Additional benefits she mentions in her article are disease prevention because consuming caffeine can reduce the risk of developing diabetes and some kinds of breast cancer as it can strengthen the body’s defense systems and can trigger the release of dopamine which can decrease the chance of developing depression. She says you may also find that your workouts may be more effective and easier if you drink a little coffee just before because caffeine blocks adenosine so muscles do not get tired as quickly. (Girdwain, 2013). That all sounds like good news to me but as with most other good things using too much can be problematic. There are health hazards that are associated with using too much caffeine or using it long term. The potential for abusing caffeine is low but it is considered to be an atypical drug of abuse and it is possible for some users to show signs of dependence or abuse. They may feel distressed by the amount of caffeine they use, feel like they cannot stop using it or feel unable to control the amount they are using Because of this there has been debate over whether or not caffeine abuse or dependence should be considered a diagnosis (Ogawa Ueki, 2007) Doctors Ogawa and Ueki state that, â€Å"current cases suggest that caffeine can produce a clinical dependence syndrome similar to those produced by other psychoactive substances† (Ogawa Ueki, 2007) Caffeine effects the brain by impersonating the neurochemical adenosine. Adenosine is produced by neurons and the more your body produces the calmer you become. When levels are high enough you get sleepy. The level of adenosine in the body is monitored through receptors, especially the A1 receptor, in the brain and in the body. Caffeine is the same shape and size of adenosine so it enters the receptors the same way but rather than activating them it blocks the nervous systems ability to monitor the level of adenosine. This allows the neurotransmitters glutamate and dopamine, which the body produces naturally, to continue providing their stimulant effect while the adenosine levels are essentially on hold. So caffeine isn’t really doing the stimulating, it just allows the dopamine and glutamate to do their thing unhindered by adenosine. This effect doesn’t last forever and eventually the nervous system will prevail and the tired or sluggish feelings return so we seek out more caffeine. This is why we feel like we can’t function until after the first cup of coffee each morning (DiSalvo, 2012). Caffeine begins to work quickly within the body but it impacts everyone a little differently. Some people will experience insomnia if they have any caffeine after midday while others can have a cup of caffeinated coffee with dessert after dinner and sleep like a baby. Caffeine stimulates the respiratory and central nervous system and can cause an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. It can result in increased production of stomach acid which can irritate the stomach’s lining. It can have a diuretic effect and has been linked to osteoporosis and a decline in bone density. Heavy or prolonged caffeine use can lead to nervousness, agitation, feeling jittery or shaky and heart palpitations. Caffeine abuse can also trigger the adrenal glands to release hormones that will tell the body to release blood glucose from the storehouses. This causes the pancreas to work harder to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood glucose levels in the body (Connolly, 2000). As with other a ddictive drugs people may experience withdrawal symptoms if the decide to cut out the caffeine. They may feel a little edgy, be more irritable, be more tired than usual and have headaches for awhile as the body adjusts to not getting the caffeine fix it has become accustomed to receiving (DiSalvo, 2012). Nicotine Unlike caffeine, nicotine use is widely known to be related to numerous health problems. While Nicotine can have adverse effects it cannot carry the full blame for disease and death related to its use. Nicotine is what causes a person to become dependent on and addicted to tobacco use but the other compounds contained in cigarettes are to blame for the high level of toxicity. Nicotine can be obtained by smoking cigarettes, using smokeless tobacco products like chewing tobacco and tobacco products that are dissolvable (Julien et al, 2011). Many smokers begin smoking at a young age and continue the habit throughout their lifetime. Nicotine is easily absorbed into the body through the skin, gastrointestinal tract, mucosal membranes and lungs. When inhaled it is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream via the lungs. Users can regulate the amount of nicotine in their blood controlling the number of breaths they take, how deeply they inhale, how long they wait before expelling the smoke from their lungs and how many cigarettes they use. Nicotine is dispersed throughout the body rapidly and there are no barriers that it cannot cross and it is found in all bodily fluids (Julien et al, 2011). Nicotine differs from other drugs of addiction because it goes directly to the brain where neurotransmitters that result in gratification are produced instead of stopping at other sensory centers. Using nicotine for an extended time can affect the way the brain functions and even alter the structure of the brain. The centers of the brain that control emotions and motivation develop connections in response to high levels of nicotine. These changes make it very difficult for a person to resist the triggers that make them want to smoke. They may want to or attempt to quit smoking but smoking is more than just a habit, it is also a compulsion. The structural changes in the brain do not revert back to normal simply because one stops smoking. It can take years of abstaining from cigarettes for these changes to be resolved. This makes the risk of relapse very high (Leone, unknown) Within seconds of nicotine entering the bloodstream it enters the brain and binds to neural receptors. This calls the neurons to action. Networks of neurons that are contained within the brain’s reward center signal the release of dopamine, a natural feel good chemical. This makes the brain consider nicotine to be a positive activity, like eating or sexual activity are. Continued nicotine use strengthens this connection and the brain begins to consider it as necessary for survival as eating, drinking and procreating. Dopamine levels drop as nicotine levels do. This results in cravings that trigger the smoker to reach for another cigarette that will deliver the nicotine the brain thinks it must have. As with caffeine and other addictive drugs the more nicotine you use the more you need as the body becomes tolerant. Smokers become chemically dependent early on and the addiction grows stronger over time. Neural pathways that connect smoking to all kinds of emotions and situations begin to form. That is why cigarettes are commonly smoked almost in a ritualistic manner. Stressed? Driving? Just finished a meal or task? Just finished having Sex? Reach for a cigarette because the emotions and situations are connected and these and many others trigger the desire for a nicotine fix because they are associated with each other by the brain (Kellet, 2012) As mentioned above the thousands of compounds found in cigarettes are more hazardous to the body than nicotine itself is. The deadly chemicals and compounds in cigarettes increase the risk of many kinds of cancer throughout the body. It can weaken the immune system, lead to heart disease, shorten life expectancy dramatically, raise blood pressure, increase the risk of stroke and cause many respiratory diseases like emphysema, COPD and asthma. Women who smoke during pregnancy risk increase of premature delivery, low birth weight and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Men who smoke are also more likely to suffer from erectile dysfunction. This is certainly not an exhaustive list of the damage cigarettes can cause. (National Cancer Institute, unknown). Nicotine in and of itself can still affect the cardiovascular system, central nervous system and respiratory system negatively. Nicotine has been shown to boost working memory and performance of cognitive tasks (Julien et al, 2011). Some resea rch has also shown that it may help prevent ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Tourette’s Syndrome (Hamilton, Unknown). Even though nicotine may have some benefits it seems that the risks outweigh the benefits. Jack Henningfield said, At this point, I would contend that the cognitive benefits which have been documented are of such limited generality and low magnitude that they could hardly be considered to be clinically meaningful, except for nicotines efficacy in reversing deficits which occur during cigarette abstinence in nicotine dependent people (Henningfield, 1994). Christianity and Substance Abuse Although smoking and caffeine use are not specifically addressed in the Bible there are many passages in the Bible that urge and warn Christians to avoid treating our bodies badly. One that clearly states how Christians should view substance abuse of any kind is found in 1st Corinthians. It reads, â€Å"Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, for you were bought with a price. So glorify God in your body† (1st Corinthians 6:19-20, New International Version). It doesn’t get much clearer than that. While many Christians use caffeine and nicotine those things, especially when used to the point of addiction and abuse, would probably not be considered to be a way that we can glorify God with our bodies. Using these substances will not make a person unforgivable. They can still be saved and cannot lose their salvation if they are already saved. Freeing yourself from addiction is hard but if we a re willing to try we can find encouragement in Scripture as well. Phillipians 4:13 says, â€Å"I can do all things through him who gives me strength† (Holy Bible, NIV). The struggle may be real but the strength of Christ can help us overcome. Caffeine and Nicotine are both substances that affect the brain and body. They create feelings of pleasure within the body that leave us wanting to experience the feelings again. Caffeine can give us a much needed pick me up. It is easy to develop a habit of consuming caffeine and over time can turn into a dependency or addiction as we continue to trick our bodies into being alert and responsive. It is also easy to justify using caffeine as the risk for abusing it is low and moderate use doesn’t seem to be terribly dangerous. There are certainly worse things we could be putting in our bodies than coffee, colas and Hershey bars. Nicotine dependency can happen fairly quickly. The brain adapts to the drug and the desire to keep levels of nicotine and dopamine steady is so strong that it drives the user to keep going back for more. This is often the case even when they know fully well that doing so is likely damaging their health, could shorten their lifespan and can be compromising the health of the people who are around them when they smoke. They may wish to stop smoking but the changes that nicotine causes within the body make quitting a monumental task and if they do manage to stop using products containing nicotine the chance of relapsing is fairly high. There are products available that may help people who are trying to stop smoking. They provide nicotine in measured amounts to help people maintain and decrease nicotine levels while avoiding the habit of smoking cigarettes to get their fix. People can try using chewing gum with nicotine, patches that are applied to the skin that allow nicotine to be absor bed into the body, nasal sprays and electronic cigarettes. These products also eliminate the exposure to the 4000 plus compounds that are released when tobacco is burned (Julien et al, 2011). Conclusion Researching caffeine and nicotine through new lenses has revealed that they both act very similarly to other addictive drugs within the body. The body enjoys them and desires them. The body can become tolerant to both so users will need to use more to satisfy the cravings. They may not be illegal but they certainly can be addictive. Both can cause withdrawal symptoms if they are stopped suddenly. Sounds quite a bit like drug use and abuse to me. References Connolly, R. (2000, August 7). Caffeine. Retrieved from http://www.pe2000.com/self_help_techniques/caffeine/ DiSalvo, D. (212, July 26). What caffene really does to your brain. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddisalvo/2012/07/26/what-caffeine-really-does-to-your-brain/ Girdwain, J. (2013). Is caffeine the worlds BEST drug?. Redbook, 220(3), 90. Hamilton, W. (Unknown). Nicotine benefits. Retrieved from http://www.forces.org/evidence/hamilton/other/nicotine.htm Henningfield, J. (1994). Comments on wests editorial beneficial effect of nicotine: fact or fiction?. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb00865.x/pdf Julien, R., Advokat, C., Comaty, J. (2011). A primer of drug action. (12th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Kellett, C. (2012, December 3). The short and long term effects of nicotine on the brain. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?q=how nicotine affects the brainsourceid=ie7rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE-Addressie=oe=rlz= Leone, F. (Unknown). Nicotines effect on the brain. Retrieved from http://phillycopd.com/WP1/web-cme-resourcesintroduction/section-1-tobacco-use-treatment/knowledgecontent/nicotine-brain-effect/ National Cancer Institute. (Unknown). Harms of smoking and health benefits of quitting. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/cessation Ogawa, N., Ueki, H. (2007). Clinical importance of caffeine dependence and abuse. Psychiatry Clinical Neurosciences, 61(3), 263-268. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01652.x

Norplan - The 5 Year Birth Control :: Contraceptives, Birth Control Essays

Norplant are Six thin, bendable plastic implants that are put in under the skin of the upper arm. These soft capsules are the size of a small stick. Each capsule contains one hormone. Those hormones are called levonorgestrel. Levonorgestrel is like the progesterone that is made by a woman's ovaries. A very small amount of hormone is released regularly. This hormone typically stops the ovaries from getting released. It also condenses the cervical mucus, keeping all sperm from getting together with egg. Some scientist believes that Norplant stops the fertilized egg from sticking to the lining of the uterus. Norplant only last about five years. The Cost of Norplant costs between $500 and $750 dollars. This cost includes the medical exam, a pregnancy test, the implants, and the insertion of Norplant. The cost is about $150 a year for a five-year period. The Doctor will eventually charge an additional fee in order to remove the Norplant her body and that costs from $100 to $200.Some insurance plans may cover Norplant. Norplant is one of the most effective birth control. It becomes effectual in 24 hours of insertion. Out of 10,000 women that get Norplant 5 will get pregnant. Norplant is more effective than sterilization Norplant does not protect women from sexually transmitted infection. The process of inserting Norplant starts with the doctor washing the skin with an antiseptic and she will numb a small area under your arm with a painkiller. The doctor will then make a small cut. Then the doctor will insert six capsules. The person needs all six capsules to prevent a pregnancy. The Insertion takes about 10 minutes. This procedure is painless. The only pain that a person get is by the needle is used to insert the painkiller. Some women have a little bit of discomfort just for a little while it can be inserted at any time of the month even though they usually insert Norplant during the first seven days of a menstrual cycle. This is just to be sure that the women are not pregnant. Norplant must be removed by five years when it stops working. Removal has to occur after five years because if not the hormones may continue to be released and cause irregular periods without pregnancy prevention. To remove Norplant your doctor will numb the area with a painkiller. And he or she will make a small cut will in order to remove all of the capsules.

Pandas Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The giant panda only exists at present in six small areas located in inland China. The habitat, suitable for the bamboo on which it survives, is a cold, damp coniferous forest. The elevation ranges from 1,200 to 3,400 meters high. In most of the areas in which they still roam wild, they must compete with farmers who farm the river valleys and the lower slopes of the mountains. It is estimated that there are somewhere around 700 and 1,000 giant pandas still alive in the wild. Because of their reliance on bamboo as their primary food, they will remain in significant danger unless their present habitat is expanded. The differing varieties of bamboo go through periodic die-offs as part of their renewal cycle. Without the ability to move to new areas which have not been affected, starvation and death will certainly occur for the giant panda. Such die-offs of the bamboo also put the giant pandas in more direct contact with farmers and poachers as the bears try to find new areas in which to feed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pandas have few natural enemies other than man, so the life-span of giant pandas in the wild is thought to be twenty-five years or more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Giant pandas have forepaws which are extremely flexible. Evolution has given them an enlarged wrist bone that works in the manner of an opposable thumb. This highly functional adaptation allows the giant panda to manipulate their primary food source, bamboo stems ...

1. Analyse Three Themes in the Novel Maru, Showing How These Themes Are Portrayed, How They Are Effective and How They Support Each Other as the Plot Progresses.

Born from a white mother and a black father, Bessie Head grew up in the early stages of Apartheid South Africa. In Maru she reflects upon her own experiences of love, loneliness and prejudice. Prejudice spreads as one discriminates against another and creates false images. Love contradicts loneliness, which diminishes as the plot progresses. Prejudice affects love and promotes loneliness. Initially one may assume that prejudice is only between different races. However, Bessie Head displays tribal prejudice through, â€Å"the expressions of disgust on the faces of the Batswana nurses as they wash the dead woman’s body for burial† (page 9-10).The nurses are reluctant to wash the dead woman’s body because she was Masarwa. Masarwas are considered as, â€Å"a low and filthy nation† (page 8), because they have decided to sustain their ancestral ways of life and customs. They have thus been pushed to the margin of society, â€Å"owned as slaves† (page 19), by the authoritative and affluent chiefs of the community. Being associated with Masarwa would infer that one stoops down to their level. For this reason, Moleka’s love for Margaret is suppressed. He loves her but is not keen to sacrifice his status for her.By, â€Å"[sharing] his plate of food and fork with one† (page 51), he wishes to show the community that Masarwa are equal to Batswana and eradicate the belief that they are non-human. Moleka attempts to terminate prejudice immediately. He does not understand that, â€Å"prejudice is like the skin of a snake. It has to be removed bit by bit† (age 48). This metaphor illustrates to the reader that change occurs over a long period of time. According to Moleka, this plate sharing becomes a symbol for the emancipation of the Masarwas and qualifies Margaret to be his equal.Moleka is a hypocrite because he wants to change other people’s attitudes towards Masarwa but he is not willing to walk down the aisle w ith Margaret. His prejudicial demeanours compel him to quash his feelings towards her. This shows that love does not always have the power to overcome prejudice. In addition, Margaret is lonely. Similar to Bessie Head, Margaret feels lost because she is unaware of where she belongs. Born a Masarwa but raised by an English woman,she is, â€Å"unable to fit into a definition of something as narrow as a tribe or race or nation† (page 11).Knowing which culture or group one belongs to defines a person. People discriminate against her because they do not know what she is. Margaret has no one to relate to. Nobody understands her. She lives in a village with magnitudes of people but in her heart she is alone. This is only until she encounters Moleka and experiences a, â€Å"bang! † (page 26), in her heart. This onomatopoeia is significant in Margaret’s life because it symbolises the beginning of her journey. She has always lived as a recluse but from this point onwards she instigates a presence that cannot be ignored.For the first time, she feels important because, â€Å"She [is] really no longer lonely† (page 26). Her relationship with Dikeledi is the closest Margaret comes to friendship. During her school career, Margaret is a brilliant, yet lonely student. The other students mock her by saying phrases such as, â€Å"you are just a bushman† (page 13). Prejudice, in this case causes loneliness. Bessie Head displays this throughout the novel. In Dilepe, Masarwa are slaves. When the news about Margaret being Masarwa spreads, she is ostracised by society because she is supposed to be a slave.Moreover, Maru’s marriage to Margaret appears to overcome her solitude. However, she still feels lonely due to the fact that she is not married to her first love, Moleka. She agrees to marry Maru because it is the only, â€Å"alternative to the living death into which she [has] so unexpectedly fallen† (page 120). Maru waits for the pe rfect moment, when Margaret loses her only companion and her first and only ‘love’, to propose marriage to her so that he appears to be her best option. He becomes her redeemer. Bessie Head uses the oxymoron, â€Å"living death† (page 120), to emphasize the severity of the situation Margaret finds herself in.It is so dreadful that it may be considered as fatal. She thinks that it is her decision to agree to marry Maru. Maru makes, â€Å"people do everything he [says] they [will]† (page 67). This brings into question whether he really loves Margaret or if he weds her in his attempt to conquer prejudice towards Masarwa. Maru realises that overcoming prejudice is a process that requires cautious planning. Furthermore, after the marriage between Maru and Margaret takes place, â€Å"a door silently [opens] on the small dark airless room in which their souls had been shut for a long time† (page 122).This metaphor describes the change that occurs as Maru h ad expected. The Masarwas are slowly being freed from the oppression that they have been subjected to. Bessie Head uses imagery, â€Å"small dark airless† (page 122), to give the reader an understanding of how the Masarwa suffer because of the Batswana. Love, loneliness and prejudice carry out a significant role in Margaret’s life. Bessie Head uses these three themes to demonstrate to the reader that in order to triumph one has to work hard and be strong.Margaret’s, â€Å"single abrupt tear from one eye† (page 18), shows that she, too, is human. Even though she is trained not to exhibit emotions her body unexpectedly displays her at moments when she is overwhelmed sensations that she does not understand nor come across before. In conclusion, where there is real love there is loneliness because and prejudice is one of the major entities that bring about loneliness in the novel. If there was no prejudice, there would have been fewer problems for everybody i n the town. Love is the source of happiness. 1. Analyse Three Themes in the Novel Maru, Showing How These Themes Are Portrayed, How They Are Effective and How They Support Each Other as the Plot Progresses. Born from a white mother and a black father, Bessie Head grew up in the early stages of Apartheid South Africa. In Maru she reflects upon her own experiences of love, loneliness and prejudice. Prejudice spreads as one discriminates against another and creates false images. Love contradicts loneliness, which diminishes as the plot progresses. Prejudice affects love and promotes loneliness. Initially one may assume that prejudice is only between different races. However, Bessie Head displays tribal prejudice through, â€Å"the expressions of disgust on the faces of the Batswana nurses as they wash the dead woman’s body for burial† (page 9-10).The nurses are reluctant to wash the dead woman’s body because she was Masarwa. Masarwas are considered as, â€Å"a low and filthy nation† (page 8), because they have decided to sustain their ancestral ways of life and customs. They have thus been pushed to the margin of society, â€Å"owned as slaves† (page 19), by the authoritative and affluent chiefs of the community. Being associated with Masarwa would infer that one stoops down to their level. For this reason, Moleka’s love for Margaret is suppressed. He loves her but is not keen to sacrifice his status for her.By, â€Å"[sharing] his plate of food and fork with one† (page 51), he wishes to show the community that Masarwa are equal to Batswana and eradicate the belief that they are non-human. Moleka attempts to terminate prejudice immediately. He does not understand that, â€Å"prejudice is like the skin of a snake. It has to be removed bit by bit† (age 48). This metaphor illustrates to the reader that change occurs over a long period of time. According to Moleka, this plate sharing becomes a symbol for the emancipation of the Masarwas and qualifies Margaret to be his equal.Moleka is a hypocrite because he wants to change other people’s attitudes towards Masarwa but he is not willing to walk down the aisle w ith Margaret. His prejudicial demeanours compel him to quash his feelings towards her. This shows that love does not always have the power to overcome prejudice. In addition, Margaret is lonely. Similar to Bessie Head, Margaret feels lost because she is unaware of where she belongs. Born a Masarwa but raised by an English woman,she is, â€Å"unable to fit into a definition of something as narrow as a tribe or race or nation† (page 11).Knowing which culture or group one belongs to defines a person. People discriminate against her because they do not know what she is. Margaret has no one to relate to. Nobody understands her. She lives in a village with magnitudes of people but in her heart she is alone. This is only until she encounters Moleka and experiences a, â€Å"bang! † (page 26), in her heart. This onomatopoeia is significant in Margaret’s life because it symbolises the beginning of her journey. She has always lived as a recluse but from this point onwards she instigates a presence that cannot be ignored.For the first time, she feels important because, â€Å"She [is] really no longer lonely† (page 26). Her relationship with Dikeledi is the closest Margaret comes to friendship. During her school career, Margaret is a brilliant, yet lonely student. The other students mock her by saying phrases such as, â€Å"you are just a bushman† (page 13). Prejudice, in this case causes loneliness. Bessie Head displays this throughout the novel. In Dilepe, Masarwa are slaves. When the news about Margaret being Masarwa spreads, she is ostracised by society because she is supposed to be a slave.Moreover, Maru’s marriage to Margaret appears to overcome her solitude. However, she still feels lonely due to the fact that she is not married to her first love, Moleka. She agrees to marry Maru because it is the only, â€Å"alternative to the living death into which she [has] so unexpectedly fallen† (page 120). Maru waits for the pe rfect moment, when Margaret loses her only companion and her first and only ‘love’, to propose marriage to her so that he appears to be her best option. He becomes her redeemer. Bessie Head uses the oxymoron, â€Å"living death† (page 120), to emphasize the severity of the situation Margaret finds herself in.It is so dreadful that it may be considered as fatal. She thinks that it is her decision to agree to marry Maru. Maru makes, â€Å"people do everything he [says] they [will]† (page 67). This brings into question whether he really loves Margaret or if he weds her in his attempt to conquer prejudice towards Masarwa. Maru realises that overcoming prejudice is a process that requires cautious planning. Furthermore, after the marriage between Maru and Margaret takes place, â€Å"a door silently [opens] on the small dark airless room in which their souls had been shut for a long time† (page 122).This metaphor describes the change that occurs as Maru h ad expected. The Masarwas are slowly being freed from the oppression that they have been subjected to. Bessie Head uses imagery, â€Å"small dark airless† (page 122), to give the reader an understanding of how the Masarwa suffer because of the Batswana. Love, loneliness and prejudice carry out a significant role in Margaret’s life. Bessie Head uses these three themes to demonstrate to the reader that in order to triumph one has to work hard and be strong.Margaret’s, â€Å"single abrupt tear from one eye† (page 18), shows that she, too, is human. Even though she is trained not to exhibit emotions her body unexpectedly displays her at moments when she is overwhelmed sensations that she does not understand nor come across before. In conclusion, where there is real love there is loneliness because and prejudice is one of the major entities that bring about loneliness in the novel. If there was no prejudice, there would have been fewer problems for everybody i n the town. Love is the source of happiness.

Concealment in the Twelfth Night

British Literature: Concealment in Twelfth Night Throughout Twelfth Night, concealment influences each character’s life because it’s essential to portray how falsehood can be amusing or agonizing before they can discover their identity in life. Therefore, the concept of concealment not only affects the characters’ mistaken identities and abilities to express true love, but it gives the story comedic and entertaining qualities.Furthermore, concealment portrayed throughout this story makes each character develop an identity with either showing cleverness or madness, while it also makes each character realize the principles towards obtaining love and truth. For instance, Viola's disguise as Cesario and Feste’s costume as Sir Topas shows that they are both clever and amusing which causes characters to experience deception and confusion until their identities are revealed.With this in mind, concealment not only deludes characters from reality, but it exposes th e abundance of true love among Viola, Orsino, Olivia, Sebastian, Maria and Sir Toby, which leads to three marriages within the story. Nevertheless, concealment causes the people to experience deceptions and illusions, but also provides humor concerning the morality of human behavior. Moreover, the first example of concealment during the Twelfth Night is Viola's disguise as Cesario.Viola’s concealment is central to the plot because it is clearly evident that the fluctuation in attitude to the dual role and the situations and tribulations imposed upon the character Viola/Cesario, ends up creating a better understanding of both sexes and thus, allows Viola to have a better understanding of Orsino. For instance, at the end of the story when Orsino finally realizes who Cesario is, he professes his love to Viola by saying: â€Å"When that is known, and golden time convents, A solemn combination shall be made Of our dear souls.Meantime, sweet sister, We will not part from hence. Ce sario, come- For so you shall be, while you are a man; But when in other habits you are seen, Orsino’s mistress and his fancy’s queen† (5. 1. 352-358). Consequently, Viola learns that in the role of Cesario, she had to be quick on her feet and defend the probing questions and statements as to her love and others love for her. Also, she acquired the skill to bide her time, until the time was right, in case she reveal her true self or intentions.The disguise also prevents Viola from expressing her love for Orsino, it contributes to the dramatic ironies by causing complications of mistaken identity. Moreover, Viola cannot show her love for Orsino, the only way she can express them is in her soliloquies to the reader, this contributes to the dramatic ironies. For example, when Viola conveys to Orsino what Olivia told her concerning love by saying: â€Å"A blank, my lord. She never told her love, But let concealment, like a worm i' the bud, Feed on her damask cheek. She pined in thought, And with a green and yellow melancholyShe sat like patience on a monument, Smiling at grief. Was not this love indeed? We men may say more, swear more, but indeed Our shows are more than will, for still we prove Much in our vows, but little in our love† (2. 4. 108-115). There are many examples of concealment concerning Viola alone, which enables her to work for Orsino as a messenger: it causes Olivia to fall in love with her and it causes both of them to disguise their feelings from each other until Orsino becomes aware that Cesario is Viola. Concealment also causes mistaken identity.For example, Sir Andrew goes looking for Cesario, strikes him, finds out later it is, Sebastian. Sebastian hits him in return, but sevenfold, and Sebastian having been in Illyria only a few days is proposed to by a beautiful lady and is hit by a man he had never seen before, † Why, there’s for thee, and there, and there! Are all the people mad? â€Å"(4. 1. 16-1 7). This is a funny series of events started by the disguise of one single woman. It is evident therefore, that the disguises of Viola / Cesario as an example are very important and central to the plot.Also, it portrays how some characters are deceived about their true nature. An example of this is when Orsino sees himself becoming Olivia’s sweet perfections, fulfilling her sexual desire, thought and feeling. He naively believes that he is in love with Olivia when he has never really spoken with her. Another example is Olivia adopting the pretence of mourning and the puritanical Malvolio is tricked into the role of Olivia's suitor and becomes a smiling courtier. As a result, oncealment contributes to most of the comedy because there is the occasion when Feste dresses up as Sir Topas and Sir Toby brings the joke to an end out of self interest than any concern for Malvolio.Feste uses a black parson's gown, which is, ironically, the color normally associated with Malvolio, who i n contrast is dressed in bright colors. This reversal provides a visible symbol of just how thoroughly his pride has been humiliated. Feste says, â€Å"There is no darkness but ignorance† and Malvolio's ignorance has been ruthlessly exposed, although he was ignorant to think that Olivia loved him in the first place (4. . 33). It is the verbal and character comedy of Sir Topas, showing how humor comes from the rapid switching of roles and, if rather uneasily, from the deception of Malvolio. There are also more subtle examples of concealment in the Twelfth Night, the nature of characters as well as their identities are disguised. In the letter to Malvolio, Sir Toby Belch disguises his real motives behind his show of friendship for Sir Andrew. Illyria could also be a disguised England, not many people had traveled in Shakespeare's day and so perhaps he made up Illyria to be a fantasy England.This place could be where all stereotypes of English people get up to a variety of thing s, creating familiar stereotypes in a slightly different setting. Perhaps also, Shakespeare wishes to show his audience how ready humans are to disguise themselves: Orsino and Olivia are both disguising their feelings, Malvolio's vanity and illusions about himself and his mistress help in his humiliation. The irony is that Orsino and Olivia are led to face reality by the characters Viola and Sebastian, who are at the center of the confusion over identity.Disguised characters were a stock convention of comedy, but Shakespeare uses the device to give it wider significance. The play makes us consider what our beliefs are about ourselves and others based upon. Therefore, in conclusion, it can be seen how very important and significant the theme of concealment is. Many forms of concealment featured in the play portray how  emotions and intentions are disguised behind an outer appearance, pretence or an attitude in which the characters possess within each situation.Concealment connects the story, the characters and the different scenes in the play. However, if there wasn’t concealment in the Twelfth Night, there wouldn’t be any humor reflecting the conflicts or problems, which influences the characters’ lives with understanding the truth about love and what causes illusion/deception.Bibliography Shakespeare, William. Twelfth Night. The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Ed. David Damrosch et al. 4th ed. New York: Longman, 2009. Vol. 1B. pp. 1217-1272.

Burj Al Arab Strategic Plan Essay

Executive Summary The following report aims making a strategic plan for the real-time company. The chosen company is The Jumeirah Group and the selected hotel is Burj Al Arab, which is the only seven star hotel in the whole world. The report presents a brief synopsis of the Hospitality industry in Dubai and briefly introduces the profile of Burj Al Arab. The company conducts an internal and external analysis with the help of SWOT analysis and Porter’s Five Force Analysis to examine the current state of the environment and plan against future threats and opportunities. The report identifies the major competitors of Burj Al Arab. It then uses the above information to formulate strategies which would enable the company to maintain their profit levels and enhance their market share in a time of the economic crisis. It also designs an implementation plan that would identify the activities to be implemented by the company to achieve their desired strategic objectives. The report recommends that the company should avoid offering price discounts or adopt any strategy that would affect the market positioning of the company. Nevertheless, they should work towards offering more value for money to their customers and look for new ways to attract them. Introduction The following report aims making a strategic plan for the real-time company. The chosen company is The Jumeirah Group and the selected hotel is Burj Al Arab, which is the only seven star hotel in the whole world. The report conducts an analysis to understand the current trends in the internal and external environment of the company. It uses strategic tools to understand the positioning of the company in the Dubai market. It then formulates strategies which would enable the company to emerge successful in the current market environment. It also recommends activities to be initiated for the implementation of the strategic plan. Dubai Hospitality Industry Dubai has experienced tremendous growth in various sectors since it started diversifying their activities and building up their infrastructure. The  emirate gradually gained the reputation of being the business hub of the Middle East region. The emirate also experienced a heavy influx of tourists as the Government worked hard to promote the plus points of the place. The increasing growth rate of the Dubai tourism industry had a direct impact on the Dubai hospitality industry. The investment efforts of the government were internationally recognized with the launch of the Burj Al Arab, the first seven star hotel in the world. The below graph shows how the hotel room occupancy levels had increased between 2000-2006. In 2008, the hotel attracted more than 7 million hotel guests [1]. Source: DTCM Statistics, 2006 However, the global financial crisis affected many of the sectors in the Dubai economy resulting in a reducing growth rates in these sectors. These negative trends were also relevant in the Dubai hospitality industry which got majorly affected by the global financial crisis due to the decline in the number of tourists travelling to the country. â€Å"The hotel revenues in Dubai fell by more than 40% in May 2009 as compared to the figures during the same period in 2008. This was mainly because fewer people throughout the world were considering traveling due to the impact of the global financial crisis (Walid, 2009). The hotel occupancies in Dubai fell by more than 14.5% in May 2009 as compared to the figures during the same period in 2008 (Walid, 2009). Burj Al Arab â€Å"Burj Al Arab belongs to the Jumeirah Group. The legendry hotel has a symbolic value attached to it which has gained international attention and put them in awe of Dubai’s innovative capabilities. The hotel is one of the most photographed structures in the world. The hotel is shaped like a billowing sail and has the height of approximately 321 meters. The hotel stands illuminated during night times and is simply individual, inspired and impressive. This all-suite hotel reflects the very finest that the world has to offer. The hotel’s highlights include chauffeur driven Rolls Royce, discreet in-suite check-in, private reception desk on every floor and a brigade of highly trained butlers. These services and many more assure customers of the ultimate in personal service throughout their stay† [3]. Target Customers The profiles of the target customers for Burj Al Arab are as follows: Tourists who belong to the high income group and are willing to spend a premium amount for luxury, personalized service and comfort. Their main purpose is to enjoy leisure activities and/or shopping. Business professionals who value professional high-tech environments that enable them to keep in touch with the rest of the world while travelling. Families who value living spaces offering excellent views with high class service, relaxation and entertainment. Tour groups that value luxurious lifestyles and indulge in various types of activities and are willing to pay a premium for it. Customer Value Proposition The customer value proposition of Burj Al Arab is: â€Å"Offers high class customer service coupled excellent view, luxurious lifestyle, comfort, entertainment and relaxation to their customers. Offers 202 spacious duplex suites ranging from 170 to 780 square metres Six award-winning signature restaurants Facility of world class conference and banqueting venues In-suite check-in & check-out Butler service around the clock Helicopter transfers and scenic tours Majlis Al Bahar exclusive private beach Unlimited access to Wild Wadi Waterpark Yacht charter services† [7] SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis is a strategic tool that enables business planners to study the performance of the company and analyze its market position. Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Popular brand image throughout the world Over dependence on Dubai Government Expand into other countries of the world Declining growth rates in the tourism industry Support and patronage of Dubai Government Charges very high prices which limits them to a narrow target market Expand within the Middle East region Low demand due to the effect of the global financial crisis on the UAE market Financial Strength Invest in related services like sightseeing services, restaurants, etc. Spread of the swine flu Trained and customer focused staff Threat of a terrorist attack in Middle East region Excellent location Only seven star hotel in the world Personalized service coupled with luxury and comfort Porter’s Five Force Analysis This section presents the Porter’s Five Force analysis which is a strategic tool that the management utilizes to examine the power and weaknesses of each force operating in the external environment of the company. Threat of new entrants The hotel and its conception was the idea of the Dubai Government who launched it through its conglomerate Dubai Holding. Therefore, the hotel enjoys the support and patronage of the Dubai Government. Moreover, the Government also exercises control over the type and brand of hotels entering the Dubai market. Furthermore, entry into the UAE market with a similar concept would require the competing company to make huge investments in terms of location, view and promotion of the brand image. Therefore, there  exists a high entry barrier for new companies which reduce the threat of new entrants to the company. Threat of substitutes The only substitutes for the company’s products and services are the five star hotels that aim at matching the same level of experience and customer service. This is mainly in terms of the service offered to their suite customers. These hotels aim at attracting customers by offering highly customer focused service and charging a much lower price as compared to Burj Al Arab. Many customers get attracted towards these substitutes as they offer value for money and personalized services. Examples of such hotels are Emirates Palace, Atlantis etc. These hotels also have the advantage of offering an excellent view. Therefore, the company faces a high threat from these new entrants and should work towards communicating their Unique Selling Proposition to their customers which would make them stand out against their recent competitors. Bargaining power of suppliers The suppliers in the hospitality industry do not have a high bargaining power as there exist a large number of companies supplying the same kinds of products and services. Moreover, the companies are financially less powerful than the top hotels in the UAE market. Furthermore, these companies also aim at getting associated with these top brands of hotels as that would enhance to their brand image. These factors prevent the suppliers from exercising any control over the existing companies in the industry thereby reducing their bargaining power in front of the hotels. Bargaining power of customers The customers have the choice of selection between a wide variety of hotels in the Dubai market. Moreover, high income individuals are usually demanding in nature and have specific demands and expectations from companies. This makes it essential for companies in the industry to study customer preferences and demands and work towards fulfilling them. In fact successful companies aim at understanding customer demand even before the customer knows about the need himself. The customers in this industry enjoy a high bargaining power and have the capability to influence changes. Therefore, the luxury hotels in the market give high priority to the customer and constantly work towards pleasing them. Competitive rivalry within the  industry There exists a strong competitive rivalry between the companies in the hospitality industry. The major competitors of Burj Al Arab are Atlantis Palm Jumeirah, Emirates Tower Hotel, The Fairmont Dubai, Al Qasr Madinat Jumeirah, The Address Downtown Burj Dubai and Grand Hyatt Dubai. These hotels have excellent locations and work towards offering world class service to their customers with the aim of gaining a customer loyalty and a higher market share. Burj Al Arab should work towards establishing a unique place or position in the market and in the eyes of the customers in order to stand out from the competition. The company should also be alert against any new competitors entering the market. The forces operating in the environment are favorable for the company. However, the company should focus on adopting strategies that would enable them to better deal with their competitors. Competitors The major competitors of Burj Al Arab are as follows: â€Å"Atlantis Palm Jumeirah – The hotel has the strengths of excellent view, architecture and splendid service. The hotel comprises of 1,373 guest rooms and there are a separate 166 suites. The rooms are designed with oceanic and Arabic influence† [1]. â€Å"Emirates Tower Hotel – Jumeirah Emirates Towers is a city lifestyle destination beyond compare. Set in the heart of Dubai alongside Sheikh Zayed Road, a few minutes walk from the Dubai Metro Station and just a short drive away from pristine beaches, this established landmark encompasses a fully integrated five star business hotel with high octane luxury setting the scene with 400 spacious rooms and suites, paired with creative meeting and business facilities† [8]. â€Å"The Address Downtown Burj Dubai – Located in the happening heart of Downtown Burj Dubai, the hotel has the world’s tallest tower, Burj Dubai and the stunning Dubai Fountain on its doorstep and is flanked by Dubai Mall, the world’s largest shopping and entertainment centre. The Address Downtown Burj Dubai reveals a new art in offering service and comfort, where every guest’s stay is treated as an individual experience. A combination of  outstanding facilities and superlative attention to detail makes it the premier lifestyle destination for international travellers. Standing an impressive 63 storeys high and featuring 196 lavish rooms and 626 serviced residences, The Address offers an extensive range of gourmet experiences, modern meeting and event venues, a signature Spa, a fully equipped Fitness Centre, chilled pools and indulgent amenities and services† [9]. Strategies to be adopted to survive the crisis The company should adopt the following strategies to maintain their profitability and market share in the Dubai market: Pricing Strategy – Burj Al Arab should revise their pricing strategy by including more products and services in their packages. This is because the hotel cannot reduce their prices as it might have a negative impact on the brand image of the company. The company should work towards offering more value for money to their customers as this would act as an incentive to people in times of economic crisis. For example, the hotel can include spa services in the room rates for a limited period of time. Promotion Strategy – Burj Al Arab should modify their promotion strategy whereby they should offer product bundle promotions to their customers. The company should avoid offering price promotions as this could negatively affect the image of the company. The company can offer promotions based on the usage of their services whereby more usage will result in more benefits. For example, the company can offer free lunch to customers who are staying for a minimum of three nights at the hotel. Innovative products and services – Burj Al Arab should work towards offering innovative products and services to their customers as this would add value to the current product and service portfolio offered by the hotel. This would attract customers towards the hotel and enhance their preference with the hotel in comparison with the other new hotels that have recently come up. For example, if the hotel starts offering the services of dermatologists then some customers might be likely to choose Burj Al Arab over Atlantis or other competitors. Target new customer segments – Burj Al Arab should work towards targeting new customer segments from different parts of the world. This can be done by targeting people from countries where the economic impact of the global financial crisis has not been much. They should work towards targeting business executives and high net worth  individuals. This would enable the hotel to get access to a new set of customers which would enable them to maintain their level of profitability and their market share in the time of crisis. The hotel should work towards maintaining their level of profitability and market shares in comparison to peak profitability levels in 2007. Promote new services – Burj Al Arab should also work towards promoting their other services like conference rooms, business halls, etc. The hotel should liaise with exhibition and event organizers who usually travel in groups. This would also give the hotel the opportunity to access the customer base of these companies. The company would therefore be able to expand their operations, enhance their profitability and increase their market share by targeting exhibitors and business officials who would utilize the other services offered by the hotel.

Compare and Contrast the Poems September 1913 and Easter 1916 Essay

New Irish Hereford Prime bonus THE 90+ days pre-booking bonus is available from the 1st November 2012. If you will have cattle ready for slaughter from this date they should be booked in from the beginning of August 2012. Heifer & Steer qualifying weight range 220kg – 380kg SEE NEXT PAGE FOR EXAMPLE HEIFERS & STEERS >>> What is the new Irish Hereford Prime bonus worth to you Eg. 580kg HEX Heifer – Grading O+4- @ 51% kill out = 296kg carcase – 15c/kg – Under 300kg carcase Hereford Prime bonus + 6c/kg QA – Earn extra â‚ ¬62 – 20c/kg – Under 300kg carcase & pre-booked 28 days + 6c/kg QA – Earn extra â‚ ¬77 – 25c/kg – Under 300kg carcase & pre-booked 90 days + 6c/kg QA – Earn extra â‚ ¬92 If this animal graded R+ or better it would also get a further 6c/kg Hereford quality bonus and be worth â‚ ¬110 extra in Irish Hereford Prime The new Hereford Prime bonus can be worth up to 31c/kg on this R+ heifer under 300kg carcass Eg. 675kg HEX Steer – Grading R-4- @ 52% kill out = 351kg carcase – 10c/kg – Standard Hereford Prime bonus + 6c/kg QA – Earn extra â‚ ¬56 – 15c/kg – Pre-booking 28 days in advance + 6c/kg QA – Earn extra â‚ ¬74 – 20c/kg – Pre-booking 90 days in advance + 6c/kg QA – Earn extra â‚ ¬91 If this animal graded R+ or better it would also get a further 6c/kg Hereford quality bonus and be worth over â‚ ¬112 extra in Irish Hereford Prime The new Hereford Prime bonus can be worth up to 26c/kg on this R+ steer

Business Strategy of Emirates Airline

Business Strategy of Emirates Airline In 1974, three years after the independence, the rules of the EAU decided to establish to a joint carrier of flag: Air of Gulf. Nevertheless, a tense relation between the air line and the government of Dubai existed after his beginning, as this one re fading to yield before the demands of the Air of Gulf to leave his politics of open skies. In the reaction, the Air of Gulf reduced frequencies and capacities to and of Dubai for more than two thirds between 1984 and 1985 without the notice previous(Wilson 2005). Since the foreign carriers demonstrated incapable or desinclinados to fill the hollow, Dubai then the rule, recepiente of Sheikh Mohammed Rashid To – Maktoum, summoned a team of experts – headline Maurice Flanagan and later affiliated by Tim Clark and the son then 26-year-old of the rule, Sheikh’s Recepiente Ahmed Saeed Al – Maktoum – to design an emergency plan. The recommendation of the group to establish to a carrier of house for Dubai was rapidly accepted by the rule, but heimposed two conditions: the new air line should find the standards of the highest quality and there would be no additional injections of capital of the government in addition to the financing of starter of 10 millions of reconciled USD. On October 25, 1985, the first flight of the Emirates left to Karachi, using an A300 wet – leasehold of Pakistan International air Line. The air Line of Emirates is the carrier of flag of United Arab Emirates and a principal air line of the Middle East. His key bucket is the International Dubai Airport, which joins it with an extensive network of international routes.The air line is a branch of the group of Emirates, an international public corporation that also supports the honor of making work four of the commercial flights the longest continues – from Dubai to Los Angeles, San Paulo, Houston, and San Francisco. This offers extensive trips of air in the EAU and Middle East. The air line also suppor ts a division of separated load, for the name of Emirates SkyCargo. It is between the most rapid air lines of growth of the world, which gained enormous income for 500 million dollars in 1993. HISTORY OF EMIRATES AIRLINE Air Lines of Emirates support 127 aircraft quickly, consisting of Airbus A330-200, Airbus A340-300, Airbus A340-500, Airbus A380-800, Boeing 777-200, Boeing 777-200ER, Boeing 777-200LR, Boeing 777 -300 and Boeing 777-300ER. The airline investigating its fleet frequently, in accordance with its policy to support a young fleet. In 2008 the Emirates for the second air line to demolish the Airbus 380-800, after Air Lines of Singapore. This has also asked for 58 Airbus A380-800, making it the biggest customer of this Airbus. The use of air line of his plane is the highest in the industry, climbing to 13.7 hours in a day. aviation, value U.S. $ 19 billion, adding 71 new planes. This is now the client as principal cast of two ultra-modern new aircraft – A340-600 HGW and double-decker A380 super-jumbos. DESTINATION COVERED Emirates Airline covers 101 destinations, in 60 countries of the world. It flies to Canada, U.S, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand. In Europe, it serves France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Russia, England, Switzerland, Turkey and Malta. The airline carries passengers to destinations like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Philippines in Asia and Egypt, Morocco, Sudan, Libya, Angola, Kenya, Mauritius, Uganda, Nigeria and Ghana in Africa.

Summar of the Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summar of the - Essay Example Bi-directional case studies were conducted to assess the impact at back end and at the clients end. This paper does not limit its research to one area, rather it is based on the study of the content assessment, the technology incorporated and the algorithm used towards the data collection techniques. The categorized usage of blogs has seen implementation from the main leads of the industry. One similar example of its categorized usage came about from Microsoft when they implemented MSDN. The core function of this blog was to provide the technical platform of the users and the players associated. This was one of the broad line major approaches undertaken in recent years towards overall expansion of the blogging field. Apart from this other major efforts and seminars conducted towards further expansion of this field came about in 2008, 2009 in the form of TREC conference. The purpose of this entire activity is to bring uniformity and more effective outlook to the usage of blogs. The broad sectoring would allow for a more active and interactive outlook of the blogging entity making it useful towards different clients. Organizing the blogs can help the companies in many ways. This in turn would allow the companies working according to the needs of the clients. Through the desired segmentation and organization of the data and information of the blog websites that are spread all over, the companies and their targeting approach will allow for promoting their ideas at the right place. In other words, it would enable them reaching to the right kind of clients at the right time and in the right manner. This is the core idea proposed by the research paper at hand. Critical decisions can be made with regard to the areas of investment and the areas of clients requirements fulfillment. Undertaking this task would bring along number of

First World War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

First World War - Essay Example This is a reflection of the large numbers of deaths, which finally made the war unpopular on all sides. None of this means, however, that the war was unpopular in some countries to begin with. The European powers were still rivals for the spoils of Africa, and certainly Britain suffered from 'Jingoism' (A popular term for what is almost outward-directed xenophobia, extreme rivalry and bigotry aimed at Britain's economic rivals), and the majority of the other nations involved in the war did so too. Perhaps the only member of the Great War who was not a willing combatant is Russia, who entered into battle almost by accident, having become a third party in the Anglo-French Entente. Even there, however, public feeling was partially aroused by the 'neo Slav' movement "The Neo-Slavs envisaged truly independent Slavic nations in a free association"2. Other nations, such as America, also mobilised, but here the conditions of the popular movement are not always clear. While Woodrow Wilson's government swept into action: "People were ordered to 'work or fight'. Every adult male registered with a draft board"3. Although America joined the war too late to count as a subject for analysis here, the support which the war received when they finally joined provides an interesting parallel with the nations of Europe. In addition to the loss of life, the Great War had a number of consequences for all of the nations involved. Britain was obliged to grant women the vote after their war contribution; Russia collapsed into the Bolshevik Revolution, and then Communism; and Germany was damaged so severely that it also effectively disintegrated, and of course the mighty and powerful Austro-Hungarian Empire was finished. None of these consequences could have been foreseen at the beginning of the war. Britain The war in Europe came as no real surprise to anyone in Europe. For most of the first decade of the twentieth century, the continental powers were involved in a rapid series of peace talks and treaties. England and France became allies in 1905, with the Entente Cordial (Which became the Triple Entente when Russia joined). Forces such as the National Service League ensured that the general populace was prepared for war: " Unbelievably glib assertions that 'war is not murderwar is sacrifice - which is the soul of Christianity"4.In many ways, Britain was well placed for a short, sharp war with her continental rivals: the last decade of the nineteenth century has produced "An increase of 98.3 per cent in the size of the Army and a 70.9 per cent in the Navy"5. Marsh suggests the reason for this was the South African (Boer) War, but the ultimate result of this massive increase is that there were a large number of servicemen in the British Army at the outbreak of the war. Furthermore, there were pressing needs to develop a distraction for the British populace: the situation in Ulster was growing increasingly tense. As late as May 1914, the government was passing Home Rule legislation in order to contain the threat of war6. In a game of consequences with the Irish Nationalists, the Prime Minister Asquith was prepared to force a state of war in order to keep as much power in English hands as he could. Asquith was in trouble at home too, where the 1913 act that enabled Suffragettes to be force-fed was coming under fire.7 The additional problems of "intensified industrial unrest"8

Physician-Patient Interaction Adaptation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physician-Patient Interaction Adaptation - Essay Example Based on these theories, the proponents substantially built a framework for their study which essentially included the concept of non-verbal communication in maintaining or obtaining genuine relationships in health care. The subjects included in this study were physicians and their respective patients confined in the hospital. The proponents were interested to dig on the non-verbal communication that existed between the physician and the patients and their probable mutual responses. Based on these responses, the researchers then had enough starting point to conclude that in physician-patient communication, mutual influence could probably exist. B. Identify the object of study (What is the researcher using to build their arguments and answer their questions?). The researchers collected sufficient number of articles or researches that are related to their study. From these studies, they tried to find important gaps particularly on the importance of effective communication in delivering quality standard health care service. They have elaborately discussed the psychosocial concerns in physician-patient interactions (Duggan & Bradshaw, 2008). All of these have become the basis of what method they should use in their study. They decided to employ videotaping technique in order to document the actual non-verbal responses of their subjects. All of the patients involved in the study were having chronic illnesses so dealing with them might probably be one of the most challenging activities for their entire treatment process. Effective communication process should be substantially required from the attending physician so as to come up with effective response such as cooperation from the patients. The proponents of the study tried to see to it that this important information should be documented through a videotape. C. Summarize the main inferences/conclusions of this article (In your own words, write the key conclusions presented in the article). The article found that no n-verbal cues or responses coming from physicians would potentially create specific reactions from patients. The said response from patients was found to be positive because it would improve the patient-physician interaction through a positive communication process prior to the delivery of quality care. What so central about this study is the ability of the researchers to find ways to investigate whether patients and physicians reciprocate nonverbal rapport-building communication behaviors and talk about how illness affects roles and relationships (Duggan & Bradshaw, 2008). D. Offer a practical application of the research (Explain how this research can have a real life application). Doctors or physicians are the ones patients would listen to as far as they would want to hear opinions regarding their health condition. Patients even confide personal and confidential information just to be able to receive the right diagnosis. It is therefore important that doctors should be able to lis ten to their patients effectively through a very effective communication process. Effective communication process as stated in the research would create rapport, and improve relationship-centered interaction between the doctor and patient, and all these can be shown in their non-verbal responses (Duggan & Bradshaw, 2008). In other words, the said research and its important findings about the importance of communication can be used by doctors and patients most particularly on improving the quality of health and service care. Doctors in particular