The Rich Diversity of Meanings of the Pardoners Tale Essay

The Rich Diversity of Meanings of the Pardoners Tale Chaucer’s innovation in the Pardoner’s performance tests our concept of dramatic irony by suggesting information regarding the Pardoner’s sexuality, gender identity, and spirituality, major categories in the politics of identity, without confirming that information. Our presumed understanding of the Pardoner as a character lacks substantiation. As we learn about the Pardoner through the narrator’s eyes and ears, we look to fit the noble ecclesiaste (l. 708) into the figure shaped by our own prejudices and perceptions, as any active reader must do. But the Pardoner, ever aware of his audience, does not offer clear clues to his personality. This break between what the other†¦show more content†¦What exactly do we now about the Pardoner? Much of our understanding of him as a literary human being rests on several key descriptive statements in the text, most about his appearance. They fail, however, to paint as full a portrait as we would like, but the se descriptions amount to a generally negative picture. The General Prologue offers a first impression of the Pardoner which has affected his interpreted characterization to this day. The narrator, having met with each of the pilgrims and learned something of their characters, offers a portrait of each of them before the tales begin. In his description of the Pardoner, the narrator notes his traveling companion, his most prominent physical features (including his questionable sexuality), his newe jet fashion (l. 682), his relics, and his professional status. One focus of much criticism of the past fifty years has been the Pardoner’s sexuality/gender identity. The narrator explicitly uses animal imagery in his portrait of the Pardoner, comparing him to a hare (l. 684), a goot (l. 688), and a geldying or a mare (l. 691), suggesting that the Pardoner is something subhuman (Faulkner 4). These animals were also figuratively indicative of sexual abnormality in medieval times.

School Physical Plant Management Free Essays

School Physical Plant Management What do you understand with the term school plant? The school plant is the totality of all things that make up a school system. It involves the physical and material facilities in form of buildings, school site and the environment that embody the school. Moreover, a school plants include the site, the building and equipment and this include the permanent structures like workshop, libraries, classrooms, laboratories and semi permanent structures like the educational system itself. We will write a custom essay sample on School Physical Plant Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now The school facilities consist of all types of buildings for academic and non-academic activities, equipment for academic and non- academic activities, areas for sports and games, landscape, farms and gardens including trees, roads and paths. Others include furniture and toilet facilities, lighting, acoustics, storage facilities and packing lot, security, transportation, ICT, cleaning materials, food services, and special facilities for the physically challenged persons. Describe the 2 major functions of school plant? An Environment to Facilitate Learning The primary purpose of the teaching and learning process is to bring about in the learner desirable change in behavior through critical thinking. This process does not take place in a vacuum but rather in an environment structured to facilitate learning. Hence, this environment of an organization as all elements relevant to its operation and they include direct and indirect action elements. School facilities, constitute the major components of both direct and indirect action elements in the environment of learning. Feature Article –Â  Country School – Allen Curnow These facilities play pivotal role in the actualization of the educational goals and objectives by satisfying the physical and emotional needs of the staff and students of the school. Knezevich (1975, p. 563) emphasized that the physical needs are met through provision of safe structure, adequate sanitary facilities, a balanced visual environment, appropriate thermal environment, and sufficient shelter space for his work and play. His emotional needs are met by creating pleasant surrounding, a friendly atmosphere, and an inspiring environment. The educational system has undergone tremendous changes in the form of its philosophy, broadened goals and objectives, new approaches to service delivery and architectural design, quantum leap in school enrolment, multiplicity of curricula programmes and extra-curricula activities, introduction of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and expanded academic support services such as guidance services to students, teachers and the community, integration of the school and community. 3. In what ways does instructional program influence the nature of school plant? Schools exist for the purpose of teaching and learning. Human and material resources are deployed for this purpose. School facilities are the material resources provided for staff and students to optimize their productivity in the teaching and learning process. The realization that the transfer of knowledge does not only take place in the four walls of the classroom from the teacher to the students but rather that learning takes place through discovery, exploration, interaction with the internal and external environment has necessitated the creative and innovative development of teaching and learning facilities that reflect these changes. Schools exist to serve socio-economic and political needs of the ever-changing society, consequently, they are in constant interaction with their external environment. They receive inputs from the external environment in the form of human and material resources, processes them and empty same into the society as finished products and services. The quality of the products bears a direct relationship with the quality of the facilities deployed in the process of the production. This demands that state of the art facilities are provided in schools to prepare school leavers for life in the global village. Several studies have shown that a close relationship exists between the physical environment and the academic performance of students. Nwagwu (1978) and Ogunsaju (1980) maintained that the quality of education that children receive bears direct relevance to the availability or lack thereof of physical facilities and overall atmosphere in which learning takes place. For example, research findings have shown that students learn better when a combination of methods and materials are employed during teaching. Furthermore, emphasis has shifted towards giving individual attention to students as against teaching large classes which presupposes that all students in a class have the ability to learn at the same pace. The implication of the foregoing is that in designing school plant, provision should be made for individual and small group interaction and for large groups for academic and social activities. How to cite School Physical Plant Management, Essay examples

Statutory Interpretation Identification Phase

Question: Discuss about theStatutory Interpretationfor Identification Phase. Answer: Introduction In the mentioned case, Brian being an expert of demolition of buildings is contacted by Matthew to advise him on the procedure of safe demolition of a huge building. Brian gives a brief explanation about the demolition procedure to Matthew and his men. Matthew insisted Brian to give expert advice regarding his plan to demolish a building in order to construct a shopping centre overseas. He left the plans with Brian for future advice. A terrorist attack is caused few days later at the Rialto Tower in Melbourne and the federal police arrests him under section 101.2 of the Criminal Code Act 1995 [Cth]. The Criminal Code Act 1995 [Cth] shall be applicable in the given factual circumstances. As per section 101.2 of the Act, any person who gives or receives training relating to the preparation for or engagement of a person in or providing assistance in a terrorist act is said to have committed an offence and is liable to imprisonment for term of 25 years. In the given scenario, Brian provides adequate information to Matthew regarding demolition of the building. He had the building demolition plans with him, which compelled the Federal Police to arrest him for the alleged Terrorist act. In the given scenario, the Federal Police arrested Brian under section 101.2 of the Act, which states if any person provides training or assistance or is in connection with a terrorist act, such person is said to have committed a terrorist act. The police investigated that he provided training on demolishing of buildings to Matthew and possessed building demolishing plan of the Rialto Tower. However, although Brian was not involved in the alleged terrorist act, he is alleged to have committed an offence under section 101.1 of the Act Criminal Code Act 1995. Operative Provisions The Federal police arrested Brian and was charged under the section 101.2 sub-section [1] of the Criminal Code Act [1995]. The officers told him that he is alleged to have committed the offence of causing terrorist attack at the Rialto Tower in Melbourne. The officers charged him for giving advice to the terrorists on demolishing of the building. He admitted that he did give advice to Matthew and his men on demolishing a building safely as Matthew wanted to demolish a building to create a shopping centre. He was not aware of the fact that Matthew and his men were planning to demolish a building with the people inside the building. The officers also alleged Brian to have been giving advice to people on demolishing buildings recklessly without confirming the identification of people. Brian admitted that he did not collect much information about Matthew and his men and neither did he check on the existence of the building that Matthew claimed to own. Based on these facts, the Federal Police officers alleged Brian to have committed an offence under section 101.2 and that he was engaged in the terrorist act as per Section 101.1 of the Act. The fact that Brian had given advice on demolishing of the building and provided detailed information about which explosives to be used and exactly where the same should be positioned in the building, led the officers to believe that Brian was engaged in the terrorist attack at the Rialto Tower in Melbourne. The officers believed that if Brian did not have any intention to conduct a terrorist attack, then he would have confirmed about Matthew and his men before giving them advice on demolition of buildings. Brian did not consider it important to confirm whether there was any such building overseas he so claims to own. These facts made the officers believe that he was engaged in the preparation of terrorist act and is in connection with the terrorists and charged him under Section 101.2 [1] of the Criminal Code Act 1995. Further, the officers alleged that Brian has been recklessly giving advice to people without obtaining adequate information about the people. The officers relied on the subsection (2) of Section 101.2 that Brian has recklessly given advice to the terrorist, which establishes the fact that he knew the terrorists and was in connection with the people planning or preparing a terrorist attack. Furthermore, the officer relied on subsection (1) of section 101.4 of the Act, which stipulates that if a person possessed a thing that is associated with the preparation and engagement of a terror act and the person is in connection with the people planning to conduct such terror act, the person is said to have committed an offense. In the given circumstances, Brian possessed the plans for conducting a bomb-blast in the Rialto Tower that was followed to implement the attack. Exploration Phase In this part of the paper, the actual purpose provided by section 101 of the Act is discussed. Section 101 is divided into 4 subsections each of them dealing with different situation in which a person can be held liable for the breach of provisions provided by the act. Statutory interpretation can be done based on three rules which are namely the Literal rule, the golden rule and the, mischief rule[1]. According to the literal rule of interpretation, the courts provide a dictionary meaning to the provisions provided by the Act in order to bring out the intention of the legislature[2]. According to the golden rule, the court deviates from the dictionary meaning of the provisions and gives it a new meaning but only if such meaning provides ambiguity to the statue and if such meaning is provided it would defeat the intention of the legislature[3]. According to the mischief rule of interpretation the court considers the fact that the present legislation was passed to cover a mischief, wh ich present previously and such mischief is addressed by the new legislation, when it interprets the provisions of the statue[4]. It can be analyzed by going through the provisions of Section 101 that the main purpose of the section is to identify the situation in which a person can be held responsible for committing a terrorist activity. Through the Section 101.1, the legislature has provided that any person who engages in a terrorist act is committing an offence. This section has a very clear meaning and there is no need to interpret it in any other way than the literal way or else it would defeat the purpose of the legislature to punish the individual committing a terrorist act. Through Section 101.1 of the Act, the legislature provides the specific circumstances in which a person can be held liable for providing training in relation to the terrorist act. Part one of the section provides that a person who receives or provides training with respect to a terrorist activity and has the knowledge of the same is liable under this cat. Here by the words knows the connection the legislature provides that the indivi dual must have the intention and knowledge to provide or receive training with respect to a terrorist activity according to the literal rule. In part two of the sub section 101.2 the legislature provides that a person who is providing or receiving training with respect to a terrorist activity without any knowledge or intention is also liable for breach of Section 101 if the individual is reckless. Here the word reckless provided by the legislature means that an act committed by an individual having knowledge of its potential danger but not taking reasonable precautions to address the danger carelessly[5]. A person can only be liable under this provision if he had knowledge about the potential danger of the act he had been involved in[6]. The person can also be involved in a terrorist activity if he has been in possession of a thing in relation to the terrorist activity or any other terrorist activity according to sub section 101.4. The Section further provides that a person can be h eld responsible even if a terrorist activity does not occur but the person had intention to cause the terrorist activity or even if he had been involved in any other terrorist activity. Thus it can be analyzed that the main purpose of section 101 is to provide that a person can be held responsible for a terrorist activity by providing or receiving training or being possession of a thing in relation to a terrorist activity having intention to commit such act or committing such act in a reckless manner. Application Phase In this part of the paper the rules of statutory interpretation would be applied to provision 101.2 and 101.4 of the Act so that it can be proved before the court that that Brian is guilty for the offence according to the Act. According to Section 101.2, an offence is said to be committed by a person if he had been engaged in receiving or providing training and such training is in relation to engagement or preparation or providing assistance with respect to a terrorist activity. The Section also applies if a person is found in possession of anything in relation to facilitating a terrorist activity. The legislature further provides that the individual must have knowledge that he is being engaged in a terrorist activity or had been reckless in ignoring the potential damage of his actions. In the present scenario it can been seen that Brian had no intention to engage in a terrorist activity and he further had no idea that Mathew and the three person along with him had intentions of causing a terrorist activity. It has to be noted in this case that Brian is a professional building Demolisher. It has to be assumed that he would have the knowledge that how dangerous a demolition process can be to the public. it also has to be assumed in this case that he should know the consequences of such techniques falling in wrong hand. According to the principles of statutory interpretation it is not the job of the court to doubt the ability of the parliament and to only provide proper meaning to the provisions in order to bring out the intention of the parliament[7]. The court can only divert from the literal meaning of the provisions if it is causing ambiguity or if it is not able to solve the defect it was introduced to address[8]. According to the section 101.2 it can be clearly indentified that Brian had been reckless in providing information and advice to Mathew about the demolition process without taking reasonable precautions to know that whether the building belong to Mathew or not. As he is a professional demolished he should have been aware of the risk of his actions. He should have taken proper precaution before providing such critical information to an unknown person. Here the question before the court is not to determine whether the result is fair or not but to give proper meaning to the word reckless This can be made simple through this example. A gun manufacturer cannot just sell a gun to anyone without verifying the fact that for what reason the gun is sought to be bought. If he does so he would be libel to the contribution in crime committed by the buyer[9]. According to Section 101.4 a person can be held liable for a terrorist act if he is found in possession of which is in connection to engagement, assistance or preparation of a terrorist activity and has knowledge about such activity or had not taken reasonable precautions towards avoiding the potential dangers of such activity. According to Sub section 5 of the act a person would not be responsible if he had no intention to cause a terrorist activity in relation to the possession of such thing. However it can be determined in this case that Brian being a professional must have verified the facts in relation to the building when he had the plan and thus he has been reckless according to part 3 (c) of Section 101.4. Thus he would be liable to be prosecuted under this Section and serve imprisonment. Reference Walker, Christopher J. "Inside agency statutory interpretation." (2014). Nourse, Victoria. "Elementary Statutory Interpretation: Rethinking Legislative Intent and History." (2014). Shobe, Jarrod. "Intertemporal Statutory Interpretation and the Evolution of Legislative Drafting."Colum. L. Rev.114 (2014): 807. Staszewski, Glen. "The Dumbing Down of Statutory Interpretation." (2015). Sartor, Giovanni, et al. "Argumentation Schemes for Statutory Interpretation: A Logical Analysis."JURIX. 2014. Anderson, Jill C. "Misleading like a Lawyer: Cognitive Bias in Statutory Interpretation."Harv. L. Rev.127 (2013): 1521. Kavanaugh, Brett M. "Fixing Statutory Interpretation." (2015): 2118. Solan, Lawrence M. "Precedent in Statutory Interpretation." (2016). Ekins, Richard. "Interpretive Choice in Statutory Interpretation."Am. J. Juris.59 (2014): 1. Seidenfeld, Mark. "A process failure theory of statutory interpretation." (2013). Eskridge Jr, William N. "Reading Law: The Interpretation of Legal texts." (2013): 531-592.

Was antigone a tragic heroine Essay Example For Students

Was antigone a tragic heroine Essay Was antigone a tragic heroine Essay? Tragedy, to be at its finest, requires a complex, not a simple, structure, and its structure should also imitate fearful and pitiful events. These words of wisdom come from the great philosopher Aristotle. Antigone, written by Sophocles, exemplifies Aristotles definition of tragedy, and more precise the tragic heroine. Antigone the main character/heroine in this tragic tale, risks her life to bury her brother Polyneices. As she pleased the Gods, she was punished by family member and king, Creon. Antigone parallels Aristotles definition of a tragic heroine because she attains a fatal flaw, and instills fear and pity into the audience. Antigones fatal flaw is that she is stubborn. Antigone was determined to bury her brother regardless of any punishment she would receive for it. In fact, she knew what the repercussions were before she buried him, and yet she still chose to do it. She wouldnt even lie about it when Creon asked her if she confesses, she said I deny nothing. (208) This cannot more blatantly illustrate how stubborn she is. We will write a custom essay on Was antigone a tragic heroine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She dies because of her stubbornness. Antigone most likely gets her stubborn side from Oedipus. If Oedipus would have listened to the prophet and not have been so stubborn in searching for the truth he would have never found out he killed his dad and married his mom. If she would have just listened to what Creon ordered, or lied about it, than she probably would have lived throughout the play. But if she would have lived there would be no point to the play. In order to fulfill the tragedy she must die. This is why she possesses the fatal flaw stubbornness. Along with giving Antigone a fatal flaw, Sophocles also makes us (the audience) pity her. The way he writes the play makes the audience feel sorry for her. We feel pity for this poor little girl who is being sentenced to death by evil King Creon. Sophocles makes it seem that this innocent girls is being sentenced to death for merely standing up for what she believes is good and right in her eyes and in the eyes of the Gods. Antigone understands that life is only temporary, but death is forever and this is why she stresses the importance of following the laws of the Gods. In this case who would not pity her for being sentenced to death for doing something so righteous? It was sad when Antigone knew she would have to die although she was doing a good deed. When Antigone was pleading with her sister Icemen not to confess to burying she said You are alive, but I belong to death. (213) This makes the audience pity her even more. It feels like she is going to die regardless and there is nothing anyone can do to help. She said this because even if Creon didnt kill her she would kill herself if kept in a small cell away from those who she loved. This also contributes to making us feel sorry for her. The final element that produces the tragic heroine is that Sophocles makes the audience fear for Antigone. We are afraid for Antigone because her fate was already known just like Oedipus fate, she would die. I have seen this gathering sorrow from time long past loom upon Oedipus children: generation from generation (215) The chorus meant that they knew that all of Oedipus children have not died with such sadness and sorrow just by coincidence. It has all been part of the Oedipus curse. This also makes the Audience scarred knowing that a family is plagued by a curse. Antigone is an accurate representation of Aristotles tragic heroine. .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39 , .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39 .postImageUrl , .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39 , .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39:hover , .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39:visited , .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39:active { border:0!important; } .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39:active , .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39 .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud880653e214e57896d5431fb5a3f3d39:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How Can Artificial Intelligence Help Us? Essay She has a fatal flaw, she makes us pity her, and makes us fear for her. Her stubbornness is what essentially kills her in the long run. We as the audience fear for her because she is fated to die. Last but not least we pity her because she is sentenced to death for doing something she sees in her eyes as just. We wanted Antigone to succeed because we know that Antigone is doing the right thing by burying her brother, pleasing .

buy custom Alcohol and HIV or AIDS essay

buy custom Alcohol and HIV or AIDS essay The world is still in the search for its cure. A lot has been done and scientists constantly come up with different Antiretroviral medicines though an absolute cure has not yet been established. It is important to establish the main cause of HIV/AIDS, especially in youths who form the basis of economic growth in a country. In this study, analysis of existing Alcohol and HIV/AIDS data sets is carried out. We look at how recklessness caused by intake of alcohol end up consuming the lives of young people and narrow down to a case study of a young lady called Jane who lives within Nairobi City, Kenya. The paper also considers the possible solutions to the problem of alcoholism and the relationships between the role of alcohol and new infections. Effects of alcoholandHIV infection in Sub Saharan Africa In December of 2009, Jane had a friend named Paul who was flying into town. It was a friend whom she had dated exclusively and whom she thought had dated her exclusively. As usual, they would drink themselves silly before embarking on a wild romance which would end up in a hotel room. Since they had not been together for a while and they were intimate, Jane asked Paul to use a condom which he did. In the middle of the encounter, he removed the condom because it was bothering him. She could not say NO for she was not in her right state of mind. Having consumed too much alcohol, she cared less about what would later happen. That is all it took.Two or three weeks later, Jane started experiencing flu like symptoms; fever, chills etc. She asked her sister to take her to the hospital because she could not eat and felt really ill. The doctor ran labs and to her surprise it wasn't the flu, Jane was diagnosed with herpes and Chlamydia. She could not believe that she was going through this and did not want to get tested for HIV because she feared what could come out and eventually she did not. Life went one for about another year. Jane worked and took care of her child and never dated anyone since her herpes outbreak in 2009.In November of 2010, Jane felt a bump in the back of her neck; it turned out to be a swollen lymph node. She went to see her doctor to have it checked out and somehow got the courage to be tested for HIV. One week later, Jane received the call. It was her doctor asking her to report to the hospital right away. She had a feeling that the news was not going to be pleasant. She walked in to her doctors appointment and was given the results; HIV positive. Jane was in a state of shock, could not believe the news and broke out in tears. The first thing she thought about was her children, the oldest being a twenty year old daughter and youngest son at five years. "Am I going to die? was the first question Jane asked. The doctor went through the process of getting a second test to confirm the results and treatment if needed. Second results came in with the same news. Jane is now thirty nine years old. Her daughter has been very supportive though this ordeal nd she knows that her daughter will be all right. She constantly worry, feel guilty and heart broken when she lay next to her five year old at night and think about what she had done. She feels very guilty about that particular night since she had trusted him without thinking twice. Jane has a few friends and family members who know about her status and have been very supportive and have kept her positive.However, some relatives and friends view her as an outcast and avoid her. This is the stigma facing majority of HIV infected people. Unfortunately, majority of those who may sideline her do not know their status and could also be carrying the virus. Ignorance is killing many and carelessness is the root. Jane has been under treatment for almost one year now. So far, her viral load is undetectable and her CD4 Count is above 600 and according to her doctor; all looks good, viral load still undetectable and CD4 Count still above 600. Since her diagnose, Jane has tried to remain positive and hopeful that someday soon, a cure will come; not just for her, but for all those living with this disease but in the meantime, she hopes people will not discriminate against those living with AIDS and learn to accept them. She is also on rehabilitation to stop consumption of Alcohol. Statistics on Alcohol use and HIV infection Alcohol use predisposes someone to greater risks of HIV infection (Kalichman et al., 2009). It is reported that 17.2% had been forced or had been forced to have sex while drunk. Close to 80% of these people reported that they had non-consensual sex at least once in the past three months. These statistics have been obtained from the same village in Nairobi where Jane hails from. It is also believed that those who use alcohol and are already infected are more disadvantaged since they most often dont observe treatment, lack adequate nutrition and have no regard for themselves. From the analysis above, we can say that many of those involved in these kind of sexual activities do not use condoms at all with high probability being due to forgetfulness, trust of partner, partner refusal and being in a drunken state as in case of Jane. Prevention of Alcohol related Infections Several research studies carried out in North America, Australia and Europe, have revealed that screening for problems related to alcohol followed by brief counseling of individuals is extremely effective in minimizing hazardous alcohol consumption (Kaner et al., 2007). Research has also revealed that bar based Interventions by use of peer leaders present crucial opportunity to intervene in hazardous alcohol drinking and risky sexual behavior since bars are situated at the crossroads of alcohol use and risky sex. Bar-based programs therefore represent a crucial opportunity to intervene in hazardous drinking and risky sexual behavior. Research carried out in the United States in the 1990s indicated that the Popular Opinion Leader (POL) prrogram successfully lowered the frequency of risky sex among patrons of gay bars. Government policies governing operations of bars can also help to reduce transmission to the underage by ensuring that rules governing underage access to bars are implemented. Children under the ages of eighteen are in most cases exploited by the old by making them drunk while in bars and later rent rooms where they then infect them. All that need to be done is to ensure that the rules are implemented. This will keep children off the alcohol drinking areas. Sensitivity Analysis A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies examined the relationship between blood alcohol content (BAC) and self-perceived possibility of using a condom when having intercourse. The logical review and meta-analysis were done according to internationally standardized protocols. The meta-analysis incorporated an approximation of the dose-response effect, tests for publication bias. The study indicated that an increase in BAC of 0.1mg/ml resulted to increase in 5% in the likelihood of engaging in unprotected sex by affecting decision and reducing inhibitions, thus diminishing perceived danger or excusing behaviors which are considered generally unacceptable. Therefore, it is clear that the larger the alcohol intake, the more one is likely to involve in unprotected sex. Therefore, the role of alcohol consumption in transmission of HIV/AIDS is definitely of public health significance. Recommendations It is important for everyone to take life serious. Majority of people who get infected with the virus often regret for not being keen as is like in Janes case. She happened to have engaged once and that was just the one mistake that led to her fall. Alcoholism has contributed to most cases of infections and it is time people got to know that alcohol affects ones state of mind and reasoning. This impairs ones judgment and what results later are regrets. Statistics has found women to be more vulnerable when drunk as compared t their male counterparts and it is therefore important that women take more precaution when it comes to going out for drinks. It would also be helpful if rules regulations governing consumption of alcohol would be implemented to avoid cases of over consumption of alcohol which leaves one without the sense of judgment and decision. Conclusion Alcohol does not only destabilize ones state of mind but also gives better opportunities for opportunistic diseases to invade ones body organs such as the liver are not spared either when one indulges in excessive consumption. The risks are far too many that we cannot ignore. If everyone will realize that life is not a rehearsal, they will learn to live responsibly without losing control to alcohol in the name of entertainment. However, we all hope that soon our scientist will discover an effective treatment to this disease. Buy custom Alcohol and HIV or AIDS essay

Change

Wideman wonders about the youth today. There are too many of them running around doing nothing with their lives. Seeping through the cracks and who is going to be there to help them out. Will Obama? Wideman wonders â€Å"How will President Barack Obama attempt to seal the cracks they slip through? Not cracks in the pavement of Grand and Essex, but the cracks of broken promises, the cracks that have divided and conquered the will of a nation to treat all citizens equally†(858). It seems the questions never end, but what else can they do but wonder. The world stands and waits for the next move, but instead of waiting why don’t they join in on making the first move. Just because the president is black and that is accomplish within itself. Taking the first step is always the hardest but it has to start somewhere. â€Å"I want to walk up to one of them and ask â€Å"Do you think your life might be different now that Barack Obama is president? What steps do you believe President Obama will take to improve your life? What steps do you think he should take? †(857). There are some kids that are out there willing to make a change and enforcing it as well but there isn’t enough, the more that will contribute the less work there will be for everyone and life could go back to the way it used to be, cheap. In school, kids only think about their looks and the lust of one another is no longer a learning system but a fashion show at the mall. From what’s on your hair to the latest sneakers, â€Å"young people of amalgamated†¦eyes hungry for each other† (858). Wideman said though â€Å"intimidated† he was in love with the way the kids thought, made him think about his own and one day theirs. About the future that he will no longer be in charge of but let the young adults care for him. He’s also worried that there are more than few of them walking around without a care in the world, not thinking about their future. â€Å"Is there such thing, really, as a future in young minds†? Kids today are committing suicide, and are in gangs and killing one another, or just not focusing enough in school, whatever it maybe. Kids are finding more ways to stay on the streets, but being on the streets doesn’t make you any less it just means you must work harder to achieve your goals. There should be more adults trying to guide these lost souls back, instead of turning their back and being even more ignorant adults acting up. It’s not only the kids fault but the nature, these kids don’t have a choice on where they grow up or how much money they’re parents make or the way of luxurious life styles they weren’t grace with jewels but if they work hard and really want it anything can be there’s. Look at all those rich and famous people not all of them where born into it, most of them had to work hard and grind and that what should be taught to work hard and you shall receive. Americans feel it is okay to rest on their laurels but resting on anything that is half way built is bound to break and tip over. Having a good foundation is key to success, help is needed in these kids life’s more people who give a damn and Obama is doing that. Giving the little ray of sunlight on those kids future. Letting them know that no matter how big their dream is they can receive it as long as they work hard at it. Obama is trying to build a better and stronger foundation for future for Americans but he can’t do it alone. Everyone has to take responsibility and try to become a better them. â€Å"Perhaps we would explore together the explosive, still almost unbelievable fact that our country finally seized the opportunity to turn away from one deeply rooted, intractable, self-destructive, dead-end understanding of itself as white and black, finally began to create a new vision of itself†(858). Just as Wideman said try to be the positive being you want to see in the world. Michael Jackson was a legend he not only sing beautifully but his is words he made a difference. His song Man in the Mirrors lyric is very powerful and true â€Å"If you wanna make the world a better place take a look at yourself, and then make a change† should be a world motto and if â€Å"Yolo† was used correctly you do only live once so use every opportunity given big or small, just take it â€Å"Yolo† right . Obama was just the tip of the iceberg of change and good this world really needs. Wideman story was honest and good, his points were valid and firm. The only question is America ready for a change? And now that a chance is given, will it be taken? Change Change Change Change Wideman wonders about the youth today. There are too many of them running around doing nothing with their lives. Seeping through the cracks and who is going to be there to help them out. Will Obama? Wideman wonders â€Å"How will President Barack Obama attempt to seal the cracks they slip through? Not cracks in the pavement of Grand and Essex, but the cracks of broken promises, the cracks that have divided and conquered the will of a nation to treat all citizens equally†(858). It seems the questions never end, but what else can they do but wonder. The world stands and waits for the next move, but instead of waiting why don’t they join in on making the first move. Just because the president is black and that is accomplish within itself. Taking the first step is always the hardest but it has to start somewhere. â€Å"I want to walk up to one of them and ask â€Å"Do you think your life might be different now that Barack Obama is president? What steps do you believe President Obama will take to improve your life? What steps do you think he should take? †(857). There are some kids that are out there willing to make a change and enforcing it as well but there isn’t enough, the more that will contribute the less work there will be for everyone and life could go back to the way it used to be, cheap. In school, kids only think about their looks and the lust of one another is no longer a learning system but a fashion show at the mall. From what’s on your hair to the latest sneakers, â€Å"young people of amalgamated†¦eyes hungry for each other† (858). Wideman said though â€Å"intimidated† he was in love with the way the kids thought, made him think about his own and one day theirs. About the future that he will no longer be in charge of but let the young adults care for him. He’s also worried that there are more than few of them walking around without a care in the world, not thinking about their future. â€Å"Is there such thing, really, as a future in young minds†? Kids today are committing suicide, and are in gangs and killing one another, or just not focusing enough in school, whatever it maybe. Kids are finding more ways to stay on the streets, but being on the streets doesn’t make you any less it just means you must work harder to achieve your goals. There should be more adults trying to guide these lost souls back, instead of turning their back and being even more ignorant adults acting up. It’s not only the kids fault but the nature, these kids don’t have a choice on where they grow up or how much money they’re parents make or the way of luxurious life styles they weren’t grace with jewels but if they work hard and really want it anything can be there’s. Look at all those rich and famous people not all of them where born into it, most of them had to work hard and grind and that what should be taught to work hard and you shall receive. Americans feel it is okay to rest on their laurels but resting on anything that is half way built is bound to break and tip over. Having a good foundation is key to success, help is needed in these kids life’s more people who give a damn and Obama is doing that. Giving the little ray of sunlight on those kids future. Letting them know that no matter how big their dream is they can receive it as long as they work hard at it. Obama is trying to build a better and stronger foundation for future for Americans but he can’t do it alone. Everyone has to take responsibility and try to become a better them. â€Å"Perhaps we would explore together the explosive, still almost unbelievable fact that our country finally seized the opportunity to turn away from one deeply rooted, intractable, self-destructive, dead-end understanding of itself as white and black, finally began to create a new vision of itself†(858). Just as Wideman said try to be the positive being you want to see in the world. Michael Jackson was a legend he not only sing beautifully but his is words he made a difference. His song Man in the Mirrors lyric is very powerful and true â€Å"If you wanna make the world a better place take a look at yourself, and then make a change† should be a world motto and if â€Å"Yolo† was used correctly you do only live once so use every opportunity given big or small, just take it â€Å"Yolo† right . Obama was just the tip of the iceberg of change and good this world really needs. Wideman story was honest and good, his points were valid and firm. The only question is America ready for a change? And now that a chance is given, will it be taken?

A multinational company maximises its competitive advantage by Essay

A multinational company maximises its competitive advantage by controlling its own supply chain. Discuss - Essay Example According to Caves (2007) any business, which has showed potentiality of having varied number of chain stores located in different parts of the world is capable of achieving adequate economies of scale such as timeliness, humble use of global resources and market dominance amongst other aspects, which can only be relevant to the maintenance of supply chain. Globalization and FDI The globalization of commerce has a major impact on modern business (TOMAR, 2009). Globalization affects the way business is carried out and the geographical area where a business can operate. With globalization, even small businesses are able t operate in the global arena, which then leads to Foreign Direct Investment. Foreign Direct Investment affects and in turn is affected by the supply chain. It also affects the supply chain decisions which a firm is likely to make with regard to whether they are going to manage their entire supply chain or if they are going to outsource the supply chain to a third part. With regard to choosing a supply chain model, businesses look for the model which will offer them strategic edge over their competitors. It is therefore not a matter of choice, but it is a matter of choosing the most efficient way of survival in a marketplace that has been made even more competitive by the existence of globalization. Issues of competitive advantage simply entail an organization being able to dominate the market over other firms who trade in the same line of product. Firms that have numerous numbers of chain stores in different countries have got potentials of achieving increased sales volume. Besides proper choice of the location of an industry is the most practical way of distribution of production cost. Therefore, with very minimal cost of production a company can easily enjoy the competitive advantage. Moreover, with several advantages associated with supply chains, the company would be left with principal mandate of concentrating on other internal aspects of pr oduction, and this makes appropriate benefit to the maintenance of supply chain by an organization (working mother, 2001). The Coase Theory of Transactions Costs and Decisions Making The Coase theory postulates that in the absence of transactional costs, businesses would be able to share the property space without having to worry how resources are allocated (Jager, 2008). In regard to the supply chain, what this means is that if there are no negotiation costs between two firms which are at different levels in a single supply chain, the two firms would not mind continuing to depend on each other to complete the supply chain. The Coase theory was developed by Ronald Coase who tried to understand the free markets and why regulations are not necessary. According to the Coase theory, an organization would only then choose to control all its supply chain if there were costs of negotiating the terms of service with other firms in the supply chain. If these costs of negotiation do not exist , the costs of outsourcing some of the supply chain would not hinder a firm from outsourcing. In fact, according to the Coase theory, where transactions of negotiations do not exist, the two (or more) firms in a supply chain would naturally gravitate to the most efficient relationships with the most efficient supply chain. This implies that in the abs